Question

Question 6 (Mandatory) (1 point)

Which increase in antibody titer (dilution) best indicates an acute infection?

Question 6 options:

	from 1:2 to 1:8
	from 1:4 to 1:16
	from 1:4 to 1:256
	from 1:64 to 1:128

Question 7 (Mandatory) (1 point)

Fred tests positive for anti-HBsAG, and his test for HBeAg was previously positive but is now negative. This indicates that he is:

Question 7 options:

	a chronic carrier
	acutely infected
	in recovery with good prognosis
	co-infected with delta hepatitis

Question 8 (Mandatory) (1 point)

Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by:

Question 8 options:

	acupuncture
	tattoos
	sexual contact
	all of the above

Question 9 (Mandatory) (1 point)

Viral capsid antigen of Estein-Barr virus:

Question 9 options:

	is found only in a few of the people who are infected
	causes the production of an IgM antibody early in the infection
	causes the production of abnormal macrophages
	is not on Epstein-Barr virus

Question 10 (Mandatory) (1 point)

Which of the following positive antibody tests may be an indication of recent vaccination or early primary infection for rubella in a patient with no clinical symptoms?

Question 10 options:

	Only IgG antibodies positive
	Only IgM antibodies positive
	Both IgG and IgM antibodies positive
	Four fold rise in titer for IgG antibodies

Answer 1

#6) Titer is the measurement of the concentration of a substance in the solution. When the concentration of the specific antibody in the serum sample is greater, then the titer value will be higher. A very low titer indicates the presence of little antibody in the serum. Acute infection show a higher change in the titer value. From the given choices, 1:4 to 1:256 indicates the acute infection. you can observe a four fold increase in the titer value.

Which increase in antibody titer (dilution) best indicates an acute infection?

From 1:4 to 1:256

#7)  A positive result for HBeAg means that there is an active infection with the hepatitis B virus and the virus is actively multiplying and can be easily spread. The levels of HBeAg dropping while levels of anti-HBe antibodies develop in the people with chronic hepatitis B is a good sign of prognosis and recovery from the disease

Fred tests positive for anti-HBsAG, and his test for HBeAg was previously positive but is now negative. This indicates that he is in recovery with good prognosis

#8) Hepatitis B can be transmitted by blood, semen or other body fluid of the infected person. Birth, sex with infected partner, sharing needles or drug preparation instruments with infected persons, direct contact with open wounds of infected person, sharing toothbrushes, razors, glucose monitors with infected person can transmit hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection can be spread through acupuncture, body or ear piercing and tattooing if the needles used are contaminated with a Hepatitis B infected person's blood. Also, Hepatitis B virus cannot be spread through food or water, sharing eating utensils, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding, coughing, or sneezing.

Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by: All of the above

#9) EBV test is also called as " EBV antibodies" which is used to identify EBV infection by the presence of antibodies. This test looks for antibodies to viral capsid antigen VCAIgG, VCA IgM and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen EBNA.

Presence of VCA IgG indicates EBV infection in the recent or in the near past

Presence of VCA IgM means EBV infection occurred recently

Presence of antibodies to EBNA means infection occurred before about 8 weeks

Viral capsid antigen of Estein-Barr virus: causes the production of an IgM antibody early in the infection

#10) Rubella virus specific IgM antibodies are present in people recently infected by rubella virus, exists for about an year after infection.  The measurement of rubella IgG antibody avidity can be used to distinguish between recent and remote rubella infection.  IgM antibodies become detectable within 3–4 days and IgG antibodies within one week of the infection. Rubella-specific IgM can often be detected in individuals even after 2 months and upto 6 or 7 months after natural infection, vaccination and reinfection

Which of the following positive antibody tests may be an indication of recent vaccination or early primary infection for rubella in a patient with no clinical symptoms? Only IgM antibodies positive