Question

Question 6 (1 point)

Validity      

Question 6 options:

	concerns whether a test measures what it was intended to measure.
	is subject to multiple statistical manipulations to be accurate.
	is subject to interpretation by a researcher's committee.
	is a concept paired with reliability and neither can be proved.

Question 7 (1 point)

Events during WWII precipitated specific ethical considerations for future generations. Most importantly:

Question 7 options:

	CSB
	IRB
	HCCA
	AACN

Question 8 (1 point)

1. The dependent variable:

Question 8 options:

	is affected by or reacts to the independent variable
	can be abstract nominal or concrete ordinal
	is used to show how relationships change with different variables
	can be unbiased and observed on a Likert scale

Question 9 (1 point)

Plagiarism can be avoided by:

Question 9 options:

	Quoting directly without revealing the source
	Cut and pasting from the Internet
	Copying the work of others accurately
	Paraphrasing the author’s text in your own words

Question 10 (1 point)

In medical research, experimental medical treatments are ethical when the chance of possible benefit outweighs the risk of possible harm. Appropriately therefore:

Question 10 options:

	Beneficence assumes that risk are minimized.
	Validity assumes that risk are minimized.
	Justice assumes that the risks are minimized.
	Integrity assumes that risk are minimized.

Answer 1

Validity:

concerns whether a test measures what it was intended to measure:

Validity is arguably the most important criteria for the quality of a test. The term validity refers to whether or not the test measures what it claims to measure. On a test with high validity the items will be closely linked to the test's intended focus.

is affected by or reacts to the independent variable:

The independent variable is the one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable. The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If the independent variable changes, then the dependent variable is affected.

Quoting directly without revealing the source:

Quoting Directly. Quoting Directly means taking a specific statement or passage made directly by an author and including it, word for word, in your work. The words you quote are original to the author you are quoting and are not taken from any other source.

Beneficence assumes that risk are minimized.:

Beneficence assumes that risks are minimized as individuals and society benefit from participation in research. Beneficence is often ambiguous,

Validity assumes that risk are minimized.:

A main threat to internal validity is testing effects. ... Unfortunately, research standards often are overlooked or minimized due to time and financial constraints.