Question

1.A patient has been diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Which of the following will best confirm the diagnosis?

*Urinalysis positive for nitirite reductase.

*WBC 115 x10microl

*Hematuria

*Urinalysis with low specific gravity

2.The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis who has the following acid base values:

pH: 7.28

CO2: 41

HCO3: 17 1.

*What is your interpretation of the acid base values?

*Which of the following is the best explanation for these values?

Answer 1

#Answer of question 1:-

-Urinary tract infection :-

It is the infection of any part of our Urinary system.

-In UTI urine analysis shows

* Increased WBC count (normal range between 4000 to 11000/microliters)

Here 115 x 10microl is within normal limit

* Increased urine specific gravity

Here option shows low specific gravity

* Hematuria (blood in urine):-many problems can leads to hematuria such as UTI kidney stones, injury of bladder cancer and so on.

*Presents of positive nitrites reductase

Here option shows this same findings.It is one of the best indicator of diagnosis of urinary tract infection.

Answer is presence of positive nitrites reductase in urine.

#Answer of question 2

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a metabolic acidosis.In which ,

Insufficient insulin supply

Leads to

|

Increased fat metabolism

|

Causing excess accumulation of ketones or other types of acids

|

as a result, bicarbonate then ends up being depleted

Then the body can't maintain normal acid base balance

-In DKA(diabetes keto acidosis):-

* PH will decrease (normal between 7.35 _ 7.45)

Here the value is 7.28

*HCO3(bicarbonate) will decrease

Normal value is 22 to 27meq/L

*Co2 normal between 35 to45 mm Hg

Here the value 41 within normal limit.

*Metabolic acidosis:- the PH is decreased and the HCO3 is decreased..

# how to know acid base imbalance:-

A)Step1

Look pH value ,if it is increased that means alkalosis

If decreased means acidosis

The respiratory function indicator is the pco2

The metabolic function indicator is the bicarbonate ion(HCO3-)

B)Step2

Look at pco2 whether it is elevated or decreased.

If pco2 reflects an opposite relationship to the pH that condition is respiratory imbalance .

If Pco2 does not show an opposite relationship to pH please go step3

C)Step3

Look at HCO3-

If it reflects a corresponding relationship with the pH that condition is metabolic imbalance.