Question

Define and give an example of chance, precision, and statistical interference

-Book: Essentials of epidemiology in public health 4th. ed Aschengrau

Answer 1

Chance is the occurrence of events in the
absence of any obvious intention or cause. It is,
simply, the possibility of something happening.
When the chance is defined in mathematics, it is
called probability.
For example: chance of winning a game or chance of getting a disease.

Precision refers to how close estimates from different samples are to each other. For example, the standard error is a measure of precision. When the standard error is small, estimates from different samples will be close in value; and vice versa.
Precision is inversely related to standard error. When the standard error is small, sample estimates are more precise; when the standard error is large, sample estimates are less precise.

Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying distribution of probability.Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.
Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population.