Question

Compare and contrast the behavioral view of motivation, the social cognitive view of motivation, and humanistic view of motivation Be sure to elaborate on self-efficacy, attribution theory, and the nature of cognitive ability.

Answer 1

Behavioural view of motivation:

This includes the work done by B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning.

Consequences follow behaviour in the form of reinforcement/punishment under the premise that they are capable of increasing/decreasing an individual’s drive state. Behaviour is positively modified when there is a promised reward at the start of an activity/task at hand. This is why why some people prefer certain activities/tasks as opposed to the others; it may be attributed to their past positive experiences with the same. Further, individuals are motivated to do better at something when they see others being rewarded for the same – vicarious reinforcement. These increase one’s sense of self-efficacy, which in turn leads to higher levels of motivation.

Social cognitive view of motivation:

This includes the work done by Albert Bandura on social learning.

The social aspect of this theory involves learning from the social environment in which one of the key motivational process involved is self-efficacy, which has an effect on various other processes such as taking effort and making choices. The cognitive aspect of this theory involves the process of goal-setting and evaluation of the same from time to time in order to pave the way for goal attainment. It also includes individuals’ formation of schemas about themselves and their environment, in order to attain a sense of mastery over the same. Perception of outcomes as desirable, combined with social comparisons are what sustain individuals’ self-efficacy and motivation levels.

In this view of motivation, is also included, the attribution theory, whereby, causal attributions (internal/external, stable/unstable, controllable/uncontrollable) are made by individuals about the various things that happen to them, which determine their motivation levels pertaining to specific situations/events.

Humanistic view of motivation:

            This view hold that humans innately have the potential to grow and that they strive each day to fulfil this potential. Human motivation depends on the level which they are transcending in the hierarchy of needs. People are in constant motivation to satisfy their self-actualization need.

Behavioural view of motivation:

This includes the work done by B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning.

Consequences follow behaviour in the form of reinforcement/punishment under the premise that they are capable of increasing/decreasing an individual’s drive state. Behaviour is positively modified when there is a promised reward at the start of an activity/task at hand. This is why why some people prefer certain activities/tasks as opposed to the others; it may be attributed to their past positive experiences with the same. Further, individuals are motivated to do better at something when they see others being rewarded for the same – vicarious reinforcement. These increase one’s sense of self-efficacy, which in turn leads to higher levels of motivation.

Social cognitive view of motivation:

This includes the work done by Albert Bandura on social learning.

The social aspect of this theory involves learning from the social environment in which one of the key motivational process involved is self-efficacy, which has an effect on various other processes such as taking effort and making choices. The cognitive aspect of this theory involves the process of goal-setting and evaluation of the same from time to time in order to pave the way for goal attainment. It also includes individuals’ formation of schemas about themselves and their environment, in order to attain a sense of mastery over the same. Perception of outcomes as desirable, combined with social comparisons are what sustain individuals’ self-efficacy and motivation levels.

In this view of motivation, is also included, the attribution theory, whereby, causal attributions (internal/external, stable/unstable, controllable/uncontrollable) are made by individuals about the various things that happen to them, which determine their motivation levels pertaining to specific situations/events.

Humanistic view of motivation:

            This view hold that humans innately have the potential to grow and that they strive each day to fulfil this potential. Human motivation depends on the level which they are transcending in the hierarchy of needs. People are in constant motivation to satisfy their self-actualization need.

Behavioural view of motivation:

This includes the work done by B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning.

Consequences follow behaviour in the form of reinforcement/punishment under the premise that they are capable of increasing/decreasing an individual’s drive state. Behaviour is positively modified when there is a promised reward at the start of an activity/task at hand. This is why why some people prefer certain activities/tasks as opposed to the others; it may be attributed to their past positive experiences with the same. Further, individuals are motivated to do better at something when they see others being rewarded for the same – vicarious reinforcement. These increase one’s sense of self-efficacy, which in turn leads to higher levels of motivation.

Social cognitive view of motivation:

This includes the work done by Albert Bandura on social learning.

The social aspect of this theory involves learning from the social environment in which one of the key motivational process involved is self-efficacy, which has an effect on various other processes such as taking effort and making choices. The cognitive aspect of this theory involves the process of goal-setting and evaluation of the same from time to time in order to pave the way for goal attainment. It also includes individuals’ formation of schemas about themselves and their environment, in order to attain a sense of mastery over the same. Perception of outcomes as desirable, combined with social comparisons are what sustain individuals’ self-efficacy and motivation levels.

In this view of motivation, is also included, the attribution theory, whereby, causal attributions (internal/external, stable/unstable, controllable/uncontrollable) are made by individuals about the various things that happen to them, which determine their motivation levels pertaining to specific situations/events.

Humanistic view of motivation:

            This view hold that humans innately have the potential to grow and that they strive each day to fulfil this potential. Human motivation depends on the level which they are transcending in the hierarchy of needs. People are in constant motivation to satisfy their self-actualization need.

Behavioural view of motivation:

This includes the work done by B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning.

Consequences follow behaviour in the form of reinforcement/punishment under the premise that they are capable of increasing/decreasing an individual’s drive state. Behaviour is positively modified when there is a promised reward at the start of an activity/task at hand. This is why why some people prefer certain activities/tasks as opposed to the others; it may be attributed to their past positive experiences with the same. Further, individuals are motivated to do better at something when they see others being rewarded for the same – vicarious reinforcement. These increase one’s sense of self-efficacy, which in turn leads to higher levels of motivation.

Social cognitive view of motivation:

This includes the work done by Albert Bandura on social learning.

The social aspect of this theory involves learning from the social environment in which one of the key motivational process involved is self-efficacy, which has an effect on various other processes such as taking effort and making choices. The cognitive aspect of this theory involves the process of goal-setting and evaluation of the same from time to time in order to pave the way for goal attainment. It also includes individuals’ formation of schemas about themselves and their environment, in order to attain a sense of mastery over the same. Perception of outcomes as desirable, combined with social comparisons are what sustain individuals’ self-efficacy and motivation levels.

In this view of motivation, is also included, the attribution theory, whereby, causal attributions (internal/external, stable/unstable, controllable/uncontrollable) are made by individuals about the various things that happen to them, which determine their motivation levels pertaining to specific situations/events.

Humanistic view of motivation:

            This view hold that humans innately have the potential to grow and that they strive each day to fulfil this potential. Human motivation depends on the level which they are transcending in the hierarchy of needs. People are in constant motivation to satisfy their self-actualization need.