Water flows between two reservoirs through 800 ft of 12-inch
diameter welded-steel pipe. The water surface elevation difference
between the two reservoirs is 16 ft. Find the flowrate (a) assuming
head loss is only due to pipe friction, and (b) Accounting for both
friction losses and minor losses due to a flush square-edged pipe
entrance, the pipe exit, and a half-open gate valve in the line.
Assume the water temperature is 60°F.