6.
(a) Name a conductor, an insulator, a
semiconductor, a ductile material and a brittle material.
(b) Why does a
typical conductor show a relatively high electrical conductivity
and a high ductility at room temperature? Comment on its electrical
conductivity when it is heated.
(c) Derive the units
of ductility and electrical conductivity.
A simple insulator has a band gap of 4.0 eV, and the Fermi
energy may be taken to reside in the middle of the gap. Estimate
the probability of an electron at room temperature being in the
conduction band.
Give the number of valence electrons that the elements belonging
to each of the following groups possess. G1 = 1 valence electrons
G2 = 2 valence electrons G3 = 3-12 valence electrons G4 = 4 valence
electrons G5 = 5 valence electrons G6 = 6 valence electrons G7 = 7
valence electrons G8 = 8 valence electrons
Chemistry
A. In thermal equilibrium, how do electrons acquire the energy
necessary to move from the valence band to the conduction band?
B. Write expressions for the electron concentration in the
conduction band at T = 0 K and at T = 300 K. Assume the
semiconductor is intrinsic silicon.
Examine the following set of ionization energy values for a
certain element. How many valence electrons does an atom of the
neutral element possess?
IONIZATION STEP IONIZATION ENERGY (kJ/mol)
Eil 1012
Ei2 1903
Ei3 2912
Ei4 4956
Ei5 6273
Ei6 22233
Ei7 25997
Enter your answer numerically as an
integer.
a
Suppose hydrogen atoms absorb energy so that electrons are
excited to the n = 7 energy level. Electrons
then undergo these transitions, among others:
(a) n = 7 to n =1
(b) n = 7 to n = 6
(c) n = 2 to n = 1
Enter the letter (a, b, or c) for each.
the smallest energy?
the highest frequency?
the shortest wavelength?
b
What is the frequency of a photon resulting from the transition
n=6 → n=1?
h = 6.62 × 10-34 J·s...