In: Accounting
Willow Company produces lawn mowers. One of its plants produces two versions of mowers: a basic model and a deluxe model. The deluxe model has a sturdier frame, a higher horsepower engine, a wider blade, and mulching capability. At the beginning of the year, the following data were prepared for this plant:
Basic Model |
Deluxe Model |
|
Expected quantity | 40,000 | 20,000 |
Selling price | $180 | $360 |
Prime costs | $80 | $160 |
Machine hours | 5,000 | 5,000 |
Direct labor hours | 10,000 | 10,000 |
Engineering support (hours) | 1,500 | 4,500 |
Receiving (orders processed) | 250 | 500 |
Materials handling (number of moves) | 1,200 | 4,800 |
Purchasing (number of requisitions) | 100 | 200 |
Maintenance (hours used) | 1,000 | 3,000 |
Paying suppliers (invoices processed) | 250 | 500 |
Setting up equipment (number of setups) | 16 | 64 |
Additionally, the following overhead activity costs are reported:
Maintaining equipment | $114,000 |
Engineering support | 120,000 |
Materials handling | ? |
Setting up equipment | 96,000 |
Purchasing materials | 60,000 |
Receiving goods* | 40,000 |
Paying suppliers | 30,000 |
Providing space | 20,000 |
Total | $ ? |
* Receiving activity cost includes allocated share of forklift operators’ salaries.
Facility-level costs are allocated in proportion to machine hours (provides a measure of time the facility is used by each product). Receiving and materials handling use three inputs: two forklifts, gasoline to operate the forklift, and three operators. The three operators are paid a salary of $40,000 each. The operators spend 25% of their time on the receiving activity and 75% on moving goods (materials handling). Gasoline costs $3 per move. Depreciation amounts to $8,000 per forklift per year.
1. Calculate the cost of the materials handling activity. Label the cost assignments as driver tracing or direct tracing. Identify the resource drivers.
Costs | Resource Drivers | |
Labor | ||
Gasoline | ||
Depreciation | ||
Total Cost |
2. Calculate the cost per unit for each product by using direct labor hours to assign all overhead costs. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
Plantwide overhead rate: —— per DLH |
Basic: overhead cost—— per unit | |
Deluxe: overhead cost—— per unit |
3. Calculate activity rates and assign costs to each product. Calculate a unit cost for each product, and compare these costs with those calculated in Requirement 2. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
Note: Be sure to complete both tables below before answering the following question:
The costs are a closer representation of actual resource consumption.
Activity rates:
Maintenance per maintenance hour
Engineering per engineering hour
Materials handling per move
Setting up per setup
Purchasing per requisition
Receiving per order processed
Paying suppliers per invoice processed
Providing space per machine hour
4. Calculate consumption ratios for each activity. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
Basic |
Deluxe |
|
Maintenance | ||
Engineering | ||
Materials handling | ||
Setting up | ||
Purchasing | ||
Receiving | ||
Paying suppliers | ||
Providing space |
5. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Explain how the consumption ratios calculated in Requirement 4 can be used to reduce the number of rates.
(a) Complete the statement below regarding when products consume activities.
When products consume activities in the same proportion , the activities can be combined into one pool . Using these consumption ratios as a guide, we create four pools.
(b) Calculate the rates that would apply under this approach. (Round to two decimal places.)
Pool 1 | per unit |
Pool 2 | per unit |
Pool 3 | per unit |
Pool 4 | per unit |
1 | Cost of the materials handling activity: | ||||||
Costs | Resource driver | ||||||
Labor | (40000*3*75%) | 90000 | Time | ||||
Gasoline | (1200+4800)*3 | 18000 | Number of moves | ||||
Depreciation | (8000*2) | 16000 | Directly traceable | ||||
Total Cost | 124000 |
2 | Plantwide overhead rate=Total overhead cost/Total direct labor hours | ||||
Total overhead cost: | |||||
$ | |||||
Maintaining equipment | $114,000 | ||||
Engineering support | 120,000 | ||||
Materials handling | 124000 | ||||
Setting up equipment | 96,000 | ||||
Purchasing materials | 60,000 | ||||
Receiving goods* | 40,000 | ||||
Paying suppliers | 30,000 | ||||
Providing space | 20,000 | ||||
Total | $604,000 | ||||
Total direct labor hours=10000+10000=20000 | |||||
Plantwide overhead rate=604000/20000=$ 30.20 per DLH | |||||
Cost per unit: | |||||
Basic model | Deluxe model | ||||
Prime costs | 80 | 160 | |||
Overhead costs: | |||||
Basic | 30.20*(10000/40000) | 7.55 | |||
Deluxe | 30.20*(10000/20000) | 15.1 | |||
Total | 87.55 | 175.1 |
3 | Activity rates: | |||||||||||
Overhead cost | Activity drivers | Total | Activity rate | |||||||||
a | b | a/b | ||||||||||
Maintaining equipment | $114,000 | Maintenance hours used | 4000 | $28.50 | per maintenance hour | |||||||
(1000+3000) | ||||||||||||
Engineering support | 120,000 | Engineering support hours | 6000 | $20.00 | per engineering hour | |||||||
(1500+4500) | ||||||||||||
Materials handling | 124000 | Number of moves | 6000 | $20.67 | per move | |||||||
(1200+4800) | ||||||||||||
Setting up equipment | 96,000 | Number of setups | 80 | $1,200.00 | per setup | |||||||
(16+64) | ||||||||||||
Purchasing materials | 60,000 | Number of requisitions | 300 | $200.00 | per requisition | |||||||
(100+200) | ||||||||||||
Receiving goods | 40,000 | Orders processed | 750 | $53.33 | per order processed | |||||||
(250+500) | ||||||||||||
Paying suppliers | 30,000 | Invoices processed | 750 | $40.00 | per invoice processed | |||||||
(250+500) | ||||||||||||
Providing space | 20,000 | Machine hours | 10000 | $2.00 | per machine hour | |||||||
(5000+5000) | ||||||||||||
Total | $604,000 |