Question

pathophysiology of bronchiectasis

Answer 1

Bronchiectasis:

It is a medical condition that affecting the lungs in which, an abnormal permanent dilation of brochial tubes making it hard to clear the mucous.

Pathophysiology of Brochiectasis

The main causes are lung injury and cystic fibrosis. The other condition that lead to bronchiectasis are autoimmune diseases, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), HIV infection, smoking , advanced age , allergic aspergillosis etc.  

Pathophysiology: ( non -cystitic fibrosis Bronchiectasis.

Cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is very rare. )

Due to etiological factors

? ( leads to)

Chronic infection and inflammation of airways in the lungs

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Accumulation inflammatory infiltrate in the small airways

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Small airway obstructions, Formation of lymphoid follicles by inflammatory infiltrates with macrophages and lymphocytes

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Small airway obstructions and thickening of bronchial walls

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damage of bronchial walls and Inflammatory mediators protease causes the loss of elastin

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Abnormal bronchial dilation

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Accumulation of bacteria and mucous build up in the dilated airwalls

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Difficulty in clearing up of mucous due to abnormal diation of bronchial tubes and associated symptoms.  

The main sign and symptoms are

* Chronic cough, daily

* Shortness of breath and chest pain

* Coughing up of thick mucous  

* Coughing up of Blood

* Fatigue

* Clubbing of finger nails and toenails ( thickening of the ends)

* weight loss and frequent respiratory infections

( Cystic fibrosis: An inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucous , causing chronic respiration and digestive problems).