Question

pathophysiology of gastroenteritis?

Answer 1

DEFINITION

GASTROENTERITIS IS THE IRRITATION OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACK CAUSED BY A VIRAL ,BACTERIAL OR PARASITIC INFECTION .IT ALSO KNOWN AS STOMACH FLU,TUMMY FLU,INTESTINAL FLU,FOOD POISONING and TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

IT TYPICALLY SPREAD BY CONTACT WITH AN INFECTED PERSON OR THROUGH INGESTING CONTAMINATED FOOD OR WATER.

CAUSES

COMMON CAUSE OF VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS ARE NOROVIRUS AND ROTAVIRUS.

E.COLI.SALMONELLA and CAMPYLOBACTER ARE THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS.

SYMPTOMS

MAIN SYMPTOM IS DIARRHOEA

include VOMITING .ABDOMINAL PAIN/CRAMPS,MILD FEVER ,LACK OF APPETITE,HEAD ACHE AND MUSCLE ACHES

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

predisposing factors;age and mal nutrition

pecipitating factors;contaminated food and water

1.ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water entered the GI tract

leads to

2.direct invasion of the bowel wall and endotoxins are released.

further

3.stimulation and destruction of mucosal lining of the bowel wall

cause

4.digestive and absorptive malfunction

develop

5.excessive gas formation and increased peristaltic movement

; leads to GI distension /nausea and vomiting

; mild diarrhoea/dehydration

6.then fluid and electrolyte imbalance / metabolic acidosis occur

diagnosed GASTROENTERITIS

further develop increased protein in the lumen and lower intestine is over whelmed and unable to reabsorb  the lost fluid

finally

. intense diarrhoea occur at the same time fluid volume deficit increased=chronic gasteroenteritis.

note :if not treated hypovolemic shock and death

from the symptoms we can find out the diagnosis.

rapid stool test can detect rotavirus

treatment include antibiotics/dietary supplements

fluid replacement and oral rehydration therapy and iv fluids

prevention hand wash help prevent infection.

note;gasteroenteritis affect GI tract , it irritate intestinal wall ,due to this malabsorption occur and fluid volume deficit ,metabolic acidosis,dehydration,pains ,watery diarrhoea diagnosed the patient.