Question

please explain in details using terminology, anatomy etc

Scenario :

Chronic kidney disease can also be caused by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomerulus).

1.Explain how inflammation of the glomerulus could occur did to an autoimmune response. (i.e. What immune responses enhance inflammation and how?)

2. In diabetes mellitus, high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the kidney. Explain how damage to the glomerular capillaries, which become leakier, would affect kidney function including what a urinalysis would be like for someone in this condition.

Answer 1

1.Auto immune response based inflammation of the glomerulus is due to unwanted response of the the adaptive immunity along withfailure f self tolerance by the body. It incraeses the cappilary permeability, damage to intacellular matrix because of IgA autoimmune response. Thus this type of glomerulonephritis occurs due to overreaction of the immune system to the existing infection damaging the essentia filtering components of the kidney i.e. glomerular cells in the glomerulus as it can lead to fibrinoid necrosis and crescentin very progressive manner im the kidney, it can lead to chronic kidney disease i.e. CKD.

2. It is seen in case of diabetes mellitus the high blood sugar ;leads to damage of the the blood vessels in the kidney. Explain the damage to the glomerular capillaries i.e.damage of glomeruli the filtering componet of the kidney makes it weaker and more promne to leakage which affect kidney functioning as it affects the glomerular filtration rate and it allows the filtration of the essensial componets like protein and other nutrients in the urine and thus leads to abnormal urinalysis.