Question

(Please provide references for answers)

Q10. Write short notes on the following: (4*5=20 Marks)

a) Order picking

b) Carbon foot print

c) Benefits of Electronic Data Interchange

d) Materials Requirement Planning

(Please provide references for answers)

Answer 1

(a) Order picking:-

The selection of orders is where the goods listed in an order are obtained from their respective warehouses. This is the first step in the fulfillment of a customer's order and it is important that the process is seamless such that the other stages of fulfillment-order packaging , distribution, and post-sales operation-will still operate smoothly. An effective order selection procedure will ensure the correct commodity is selected for each order. Picking orders is an important part of every warehouse. Similar to delivery, transportation and processing points, it contributes as much as 55% of operational costs within each fulfillment center and has a significant effect on customer loyalty rates. The ability to process customer orders swiftly and accurately is now an essential part of doing business. Order picking is the method of removing products from the store to meet a client's order. This is used inside a factory as the most labour-intensive operation.

(b) Carbon foot print:-

A Carbon footprint is when a specific human actions release greenhouse gases-mostly carbon dioxide-into the atmosphere. A carbon footprint may be a wide-ranging measure or applied to a individual, an case, an organisation, or even a nation as a whole. The emissions of tons of carbon dioxide are commonly measured as tons of CO2, which can be added to by tons of carbon dioxide equivalents, methane and other greenhouse gases. Plenty of considerations are taken into account when measuring a carbon footprint. Of starters, going to the grocery store uses up a considerable amount of gasoline, and the main causes of greenhouse gases are fossil fuels. Yet the grocery store is operated by gasoline, so its workers were undoubtedly pushed to work, and the store's carbon impact is its own. Moreover, all the items that the shop sold were delivered there, and the overall carbon emissions will always be factored into it.

(c) Benefits of Electronic Data Interchange:-

EDI or Electronic Data Interchange is the automated interchange between trade partners for records or business information in electronic format. This record exchange is usually between customer and seller and consists of exchanging buying orders , invoices, receipts, delivery notes and various other records, removing paper traces by default, increasing operating performance and expanding virtual transactions with new trading partners.

Benefits:-

• EDI will shorten the market cycles by 61%. Exchange transfers in minutes, rather than days or weeks of postal service waiting
• Improves data consistency, offering at least a 30—40 percent decrease in error transactions — removing errors from unwanted handwriting, missing faxes / mail and main and re-keying errors
• Using EDI will reduce the order-to - cash process time by more than 20 percent, boost transactions and relationships between business partners

(d) Materials Requirement Planning:-

The Material requirements planning (MRP) is a computer-based inventory management system designed to maximize business efficiency. To order to predict the quantities of raw materials and schedule their deliveries, businesses use inventory needs preparation systems. Material Requirements Planning ( MRP) is a system that is used to plan, plan and control the production processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but MRP can also be done manually. The purpose of MRP is to answer three questions: What is needed? How much does it need? When do they need it? MRP operates backwards from a finished products manufacturing plan and is translated into a set of specifications for subassemblies, component parts and raw materials required to deliver the end product within the timeline.

References:-

De Koster, R., Le-Duc, T., & Roodbergen, K. J. (2007). Design and control of warehouse order picking: A literature review. European journal of operational research, 182(2), 481-501.

Pandey, D., Agrawal, M., & Pandey, J. S. (2011). Carbon footprint: current methods of estimation. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 178(1-4), 135-160.

Kumar, R., & Crook, C. W. (1996). Educating senior management on the strategic benefits of electronic data interchange. Journal of Systems Management, 47(2), 42.

Hassoon, S. T. (2007). A Contribution in Materials Requirement Planning Techniques. AL-MANSOUR JOURNAL, (10), 64-84.

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