Question

Chapter 1: Introduction to pathophysiology

Terminology including levels of prevention

Answer 1

The pathophysiology basically made up oof pathos and physiology .patho means pathogens and physiology means the metabolism changes or affects the normal physiology. and pathophysiology changes the normal function of any organ it is a kind of mechanical, physiological, and biological abnormalities in the body either caused by disease or abnormal syndrome.

terms related levels of prevention

1.idopathic - it means the causal medium is unknown in syndrome

2. pathogenesis - it is the sequence of steps of events involved in the tissue changes related to the disease process or changes in the development of the disease.

3.latrogenic -any errors come in the treatment of the disease

4.incidious- it is the gradual progression with only vague or very mild signs

5.acute disease- it is a kind of short term illness that develops very quickly with a response to marked signs

6.chronic disease - a milder condition is developing gradually, but occur and causes more permanent tissue damage

7.subclinical stage -pathological changes occur but no obvious manifestations are exhibited.

8.latent stage - the silent was no signs are evident. In infectious diseases its call incubation period.

9.prodormol period - the signs or symptoms are non-specific at the time of development.

10.lesion - it is the specific local change in the tissue

11.syndrome - to correlate and the collection of signs and symptoms that usually occur together in response to a condition with respect to disease

12.excarbation - to know the disease development during which signs increase

13.dimincible- Diseases that are infections and can be spread from one person to another

14.epidemiology - the science of tracking the pattern of occurrence of disease.

15.prognosis- The probability for recovery or other outcomes.

16.convalecsence - The Period of recovery and return to the normal health state

methods of Prevention

In this, preventive care refers to some kind of measures taken to prevent diseases instead of curing or treating the symptoms like a precaution. The three levels of preventive care those are primary, secondary, and tertiary care .are describe below:

Primary Prevention

Primary prevention is to avoid the development and growth of a disease or disability in healthy individuals. Most population-based health promotion activities, by means of encouraging less consumption of sugars to reduce caries risk, are primary preventive measures. Other examples of primary prevention in medicine and dentistry include the use of fluoridated toothpaste, and vaccinations at the time of growth age for infectious diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, and polio.

Secondary Prevention

The aims of secondary prevention are early disease detection, that simply when some symptoms which can be seen on the functioning of body systems or some organ has miss function .making it possible to prevent the badly worsening of the disease and the emergence of symptoms that helps to minimize complications and limit disabilities before the disease becomes very much severe to metabolism .the Secondary prevention also includes the detection of disease in asymptomatic patients with screening or diagnostic testing and preventing the spread of communicable diseases. Examples in dentistry and medicine include screening for caries, periodontal screening and recording for periodontal disease, and screening for breast and cervical cancer and also other kinds of communicable diseases.

Tertiary Prevention

The goal of tertiary prevention is to reduce the negative impact of an already-established disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications. Tertiary prevention also aims to improve the quality of life for people with the sometimes the medical treatments have many kinds of allergies to patients and we don't want this kind of situation at the time of the severe condition of the disease. In medicine and dentistry, tertiary prevention measures include the use of amalgam and composite fillings for dental caries, replacement of missing teeth with bridges, implants, or dentures, or insulin therapy for Type II diabetes.

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