Question

In: Biology

State if each of the following processes produce or consume ATP: a. pyruvate forms acetyl CoA...

State if each of the following processes produce or consume ATP:

a. pyruvate forms acetyl CoA

b. First six reactions of glycolysis

Expert Solution

Ans a) the conversion of Pyruvate to acetyl CoA is called Oxidative decarboxylation. If occurs in mitochondrial matrix.

It is called so as in presence of Oxygen the decarboxylation or removal of -COOH occurs. This process occurs after Glycolysis and after it occurs the Kreb's cycle. It provides substrate, acetyl CoA to Kreb's cycle.

Pyruvate is formed from glucose and is the end product of Glycolysis. It is a 3-C ( carbon ) molecule.

Pyruvate(CH3 CO COO- ) ---(PDC)----->CoA+CO2 +NADH

So, from 2 molecules of Pyruvate produced from Glycolysis 2 CoA are produced.

The NADH produced in the reaction is used in ATP production in further process, or in electron transport chain (ETC) .

So, this will ultimately result in ATP production. Hence is ATP producing process.

Ans b) first six reactions of Glycolysis.

These are also called prepatory phase. It occurs in cytosol of cell. Occurs outside Mitochondria. It can occur in absence of Oxygen and hence occur in both Aerobic and anerobic respirations.

In Aerobic respiration, Glycolysis occurs in 10 steps in which first six reactions or steps are called prepatory phase and last 4 as pay off phase. Are named so as per ATP production.

The first six reactions : begins from glucose(6-C).

1)glucose + ATP ---hexokinase---> glucose-6-Phosphate

-----> this step require 1 molecule of ATP

2)glucose-6-Phosphate -----phospho-glucoisomerase-----> fructose-6-Phosphate

3) fructose-6-Phosphate + ATP ----phospho-fructokinase -----> fructose-1,6 bis-phosphate

-----> require 1 molecule of ATP

4) fructose-1,6 bis-Phosphate -----aldolase-------> DHAP (dihydroxy acetone Phosphate) + glyceraldehyde-3-P or GAP

5)2 DHAP -----triose Phosphate isomerase------> 2GAP

6) 2GAP + 2NAD+ 2Pi ---- GAP dehydrogenase------> 2 mol. 1,3-bisphosphogkycerate + 2NADH + 2H+

------> in these 6 steps or reactions 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NAD+ are used.

So, it is ATP consuming process.

Thank you.?

gladiator answered 1 year ago

Briefly explain the steps by which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA and...

Briefly explain the steps by which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA and deposits it in the mitochondrial matrix. What cofactors are used, what are the products formed? How is the complex activity regulated?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. In this reaction, five cofactors...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. In this reaction, five cofactors (a) thiamine pyrophosphate; (b) nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+); (c) acetylCoA; (d) flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); and (e) lipoamide participate at various steps of the reaction. Explain the role of each cofactor in this reaction. You must use the chemical structures and electronic properties of the intermediates to justify your answers.

The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA uses what enzyme? Pyruvate Hydrolase Pyruvate Carboxylase Lactate Dehydrogenase...

The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA uses what enzyme? Pyruvate Hydrolase Pyruvate Carboxylase Lactate Dehydrogenase Citrate Synthase None of the above Jenny’s lungs have an intrapulmonic pressure of 762 mmHg and an intrapleural pressure of 757 mmHg. Atmospheric pressure is 759 mmHg. What is happening to Jenny? Jenny is inhaling Jenny’s ventilation is at a rest Jenny is exhaling Jenny is suffocating None of the above Which of the following enzymes does ubiquinone transport electrons to in the ETC?

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the reaction pyruvate → acetyl-CoA (Reaction 0 in the TCA cycle)....

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the reaction pyruvate → acetyl-CoA (Reaction 0 in the TCA cycle). It is activated by AMP, CoA and NAD+, but it is inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and NADH. What is the biochemical logic of this regulatory mechanism of the citric acid cycle? (In your response, be sure to address why specific molecules are activators and why specific molecules are inhibitors)

In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA. It is instead converted to ____...

In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA. It is instead converted to ____ and must go to the Cori Cycle into glucose to generate energy. You would notice this during your exercise. lactic acid ketones glucose lactose

In animal tissue, the rate of conversion of pyruvate of acetyl-CoA is regulated by the ratio...

In animal tissue, the rate of conversion of pyruvate of acetyl-CoA is regulated by the ratio of active, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase to inactive, unphosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDG) complex. Explain the impact of the following regulators on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in animal tissue extracts when treated with: - high concentrations of acetyl-CoA

What is the term for conversion of acetyl CoA into energy in the form of ATP...

What is the term for conversion of acetyl CoA into energy in the form of ATP in the presence of oxygen? a. oxidative phosphorylation b. citric acid cycle c. proton gradient d. cellular respiration e. electron-transport chain

In glycolysis, the conversion from pyruvate to acetyl CoA is irreversible, but I found that during...

In glycolysis, the conversion from pyruvate to acetyl CoA is irreversible, but I found that during the synthesis of FA, acetyl CoA can be synthesized to citrate -> OAA -> Malate ->pyruvate when Citric acid shuttle, why we cannot say that pyruvate can turn back to acetyl CoA?

11. In the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex, the acetyl unit is passed to the coA directly from...

11. In the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex, the acetyl unit is passed to the coA directly from __________________. A. biotin B. TPP C. FAD D. pyruvate E. lipoyllysine 13. A common feature of molecules that signal through steroid and metabolite hormone receptors is: A. they are hydrophobic B. they are polar C. their receptors are mostly found in the cell surface membrane D. their receptors signal through second messengers. E. their...

State if each of the following processes release or required ATP: (ATP PRODUCED OR CONSUMED) a....

State if each of the following processes release or required ATP: (ATP PRODUCED OR CONSUMED) a. citric acid cycle b. glucose forms two pyruvate c. pyruvate forms acetyl CoA d. glucose forms glucose-6-phosphate f. First six reactions of glycolysis