Question

Using a rather questionable strategy, some bodybuilders consume the uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol to rapidly use weight. In about 2 sentences, explain how this strategy allegededly works.

Answer 1

DNP causes weight loss by making cellular respiration less efficient. The majority of ATP (molecules used for energy) is produced in the mitochondria. Through a series of oxidation-reduction chemical reactions a higher concentration of protons is built up in the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria than the proton concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. The inter-membrane space is separated from the matrix by a membrane that protons can not cross on their own. Instead they cross through a protein called ATP Synthase which produces ATP as the protons go through it.

DNP can cross this membrane on it's own. DNP can also grab a proton and carry the proton across the membrane. When this happens, you have a shortage of protons for ATP synthase which results in a shortage of ATP. Your body then needs to continue to burn more carbs, fat, and protein at a higher rate to make up for the shortage of ATP. When DNP transports a proton across the membrane heat is produced. (When your body oxidizes sugar, fat, or proteins energy is produced. Your body is designed to use that energy to make ATP, while DNP turns that energy into heat).