Question

How does a high or low granulocytes level relate to a patient that has atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease?

Answer 1

Granulocytes also known as Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC). These are formed in bone marrow and neutrophils are the most abundant in granulocytes. The neutrophils are the first responders to the areas of inflammation in the body and they fight against the infections.if the complete blood count shows high neutrrophil count , that means body has severe infection. If CBC shows low neutrophil count, that means weakening of immune system due to often infections in the body.

In CBC , normal level of neutrophils in adult is 1500 - 8000 (1.5 -8.0) neutrophils /mcL

low level of neutrophils if it is mild = 1000 -1500 neutrophils /mcL

if it is moderate = 500 -1000 neutrophils /mcL

if it is severe = < 500 neutrophils /mcL

High level of neutrophils is more than 8000 neutrophils /mcL.

High level of neutrophils are present in blood known as Neutrophilia that means body with infection, inflammation, injury, surgery, high stress level and heart attacks and chronic myeloid leukamia.

Few amount of neutrophils are present in blood defines as Neutropenia . it means having low level of neutrophils means greater risk of infection and if it is very low then it is life threatening infection.

The Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR ) is indicator for systematic inflammation. In Atrial fibrillation patients , they shows high NLR value.In Atrial fibrillation, it shows systematic inflammation and infalammation plays important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation.

In atrial fibrillation patients increased levels of plasma neopterin which is synthesized by macrophages with stimulation of cytokine interferon gamma is main indicative of proinflammatory immune status observed .due to this , in body it produces high level of neutrophils and lymphocytes .

Most patients with chronic kidney disease has developed and suffered with atrial fibrillation.

chronic Kidney disease is due to loss of renal function over long period of time leads to kidney failure and then leads to End stage renal disease and the last stage of chronic Kidney disease . It is long term condition.

A Low level of granulocytes are observed in the patients with chronic Kidney disease.

Neutrophil serine proteases are important enzymes in the inflammation and immune response. The release of Neutrophil serine proteases contributes to Endothelial dysfunction and to inflammatory response and that is further increased by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. all these fuctions leads to the worsening of kidney injury and to chronic stage.