Question

Explain and define the ethical theory known as utilitarianism. Give reasons why you think this ethical theory has come to dominate ethical decisions in the contemporary world. Give two examples of utilitarianism. AND (this is the most important part)

a) Provide a solid criticism of this ethical theory (why you think it is not a good way to think about ethical problems

b) Defend utilitarianism against your critique

Answer 1

Utilitarianism is a system of ethics proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness. The doing of the greatest thing to a greater number of people is the guiding principle of this system in determining of right action. It measures the effect of the act.

Examples:

1.Group of individuals may have conflict over the greatest good. Some researchers suggest that the sex education may reduce the spread of HIV whereas some other argues that it will affect the role and value of the family. For one group the greatest good is the sex education and for another group, the greatest good is the protection of family values.

2. The judgment as per the law. Punishment is the right thing for the judge whereas it affects the prisoners family.

a) The nursing profession is unique and critical. The nurse interacts with the clients most of the time than any other healthcare members. Patients share their family details, lifestyles, coping mechanism, stress, anxiety, and insecurities. But the ethical decision should be based on the multidisciplinary team involvement. Different personnel, family members, availability of resources, financial possibilities altogether should be considered in deciding of the outcomes. So thinking only of the greatest thing will not be helpful in this ethical theory.

b) the ethical problem may create conflict between the people. To overcome the controversy, the ethical issues should be handled in a systematic way. Give respect to different opinions, discussing of conflicting ideas, clear statement of the problem, and gathering of information. With the presence of all the healthcare team, the ethical decision should be taken with rational and respectful consideration.