Question

Describe the types of interactions that occur between species and explain how predation affects the population dynamics of both prey and predators.

Answer 1

Ans) the types of interactions that occur within species are:-

1) Competition:- it can be defined as direct or indirect interaction of organisms that lead to a change in fitness when the organisms share the same resources. In other words, it the interaction of species in which they compete with each other for a common resource.

2) Mutualism:- it is an interaction between species in which both species interact with each other in a way which is beneficial to both of them. In an example of lichen which is the synbiotic relationship of algae and fungi in which both are benefitted from each other.

3) Commensalism:- it is an interaction in which one of the species is benefitted whereas the other remains affected i.e., neither benefitted nor lost.

4) parasitism:- it is an interaction in which one species is benefitted but the other is harmed. Example can be a lice in a  human head.

Predation affects both of, predators as well as prey. Firstly predation acts to increase the growth rates by thinning the density of prey populations which releases survivors from competition. Amd meanwhile predators intimidate prey into decreasing their feeding activity and increasing refuge use ultimately causing the prey to grow more slowly. Predation also affects predators as when there will be lesa growth of prey in an area, the less will be food for predators and thus decrease their population. In a process of predation, both predator and prey relation should be maintained for the survival of both ans thus predation affects both prey as well as predators.