Question

what are the biotic interactions that occur between species? Give and example of each biotoc interaction. How would organisms adapt to these interactions over time (in other words what would you expect to see in the future between these organisms)?

Answer 1

Biotic interactions is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either same species or different species.so they are intraspecific or interspecific interactions. They are as follows

1. Neutralism - the simple interaction between two species do not effect the population each other is called neutralism. it is an interspecific interactions .Eg: interaction between Rainbow trout and dandalions.
2. Competition - Interaction in which two or more organism in the community seek same resources for their survival , which is limiting the supply to the individual seeking it. Eg : male and male interference competition in red deer
3. Amensalism- Interaction in which one species suffer and other has no effect. one particular form of amensalism is allelopathy ,in which certain plants produce secondary metabolites that inhibit the growth of other species. Eg: Black walnut tree secretes antibiotic juglone which inhibit the growth of other species
4. Mutualism- is the relation between two species in which both gets benefits.eg: Mycorrhizal association in which fungus increases the surface area of roots and roots provide support and carbohydrates to fungus. , Pollination process done by insects.
5. Commensalism - interactions in which one organism get benefits and other organism neither benefited nor harmed. Eg:Remora living with shark, Remora gets food ansd protection but shark has noeffect.
6. Parasitism - in which one organism get benefits and other gets harmed. parasites absorbed food from the host. normally parasites are smaller than host. Ascaris in human
7. Predation- one organism kills the other organism and eat . Predator is normallally larger than the prey.eg: Lion and rabbit

In mutualism, commensalism, predation, in future one species extiction leads to the other species also due to shortage of food, cannot complete theri life cycle, Because they are closely independent of each other. In competition and predation  if the resource is insufficient the dominant species only survive and other species become extinct. In ammensalism the benefited organism depend on the survival of the other organism. reducion in number also leads to extinction of other organism.