Question

1) Using the fluid balance by the kidney and hormones involved, what can we tell about chronic kidney disease and its cause of pulmonary edema.

2) With gas exchange and respiratory volume in terms of lung compliance, how is pulmonary edema and someone with chronic kidney disease affects gas exchange?

Both question relate to a patient with chronic kidney disease and because of CKD have resulted in respiratory issue such as pulmonary edema.

How does CKD cause fluid to build up on lungs. Kidney function, fluid balance, are there any hormones involved and how?

If you have fluid volumes on the lungs? Tidal volume? Edv, vital capacity, hypo or hyper lung compliance situation etc.? How is this involved in gas exchange?

Answer 1

1)Chronic kidney disease and pulmonary edema

Kidney failure is the condition which kidneys inability to excret fluid from the body,it can cause fluid build up on blood vessels and result pulmonary edema.

2) Pulmonary edema and kidney disease it will affect the gas exchange.Small blood vessels present in the lungs,is occupied by very tiny air sacs called alveoli.This is where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Carbon dioxide will exhale from the lungs. Alveoli have thin wall that allow for gas exchange and fluids are usually kept out of this walls lose their integrity.In this condition when alveoli fill up with excess fluid and seeped out of the blood vessels in the lungs instead of air,these can cause problm with exchange of has.

Chronic kidney disease cause fluid build up in lungs.when kidney can't work as well as it cannot excrete enough fluid in blood,and it will cause pulmonary edema.

Many hormones help for fluid exchange these are:

Renin, angiotensin, aldosterone

1)Renin:is produced by granular cells.it converts angiotensin (made by liver)into angiotensin 1.it's release is stimulated by prostaglandin and NO from the JGA (Jextaglomurular apparatus),in response to decrease the extracellular fluid.

2) Angiotensin π:It is a vasoconstracter.It help to construct both afferent and efferent arterioles in the glomurulus

3)Aldosterone:It produced in adrenal gland ,this help to balance water in the body.

4)Antidiuretic hormones:it will increase water loss by interfering with the capture of solutes and water from urine.

_If there is any changes or absence of these homes will impair kidney function and there will be chance to build up fluid in the body and it can cause pulmonary edema and leads to impaired gas exchange.

For conclusion kidney failure will cause pulmonary edema and it will leads to impaired gas exchange. If there is any lack of hormones ,that regulates fluid balance it will leads to excess fluid in the body.chronic kidney disease will totally affect the gas exchange.