Question

Draw a simple molecular orbital diagram for the following molecules. O₂².... N₂^+.... C₂2- '''a. Is the ion paramagnetic or diamagnetic? b. What is the bond order in the ion? c. Would these ions have longer, shorter, or the same bond length as their neutral counterpart? d. Would these ions have stronger, weaker, or equal bonding strength as their neutral counterparts

Answer 1

[N2]+ PARAMAGNETIC , SAME BOND LENGTH have a formal bond order of 2.5, less than the triple bond in N2. If you found that surprising, that's actually a good thing, because for a molecule to lose bond strength upon both oxidation *and* reduction is not necessarily an intuitive result, and it's not the case for most diatomic molecules.

So it should be apparent that the HOMO (highest occupied) of N2 is bonding in character, while the LUMO (lowest unoccupied) is antibonding. Removing one electron from the bonding HOMO weakens the bond. Adding one electron to the antibonding LUMO *also* weakens the bond. Either way, the bond order is reduced by half-a-bond's worth.

Note that the number of *unpaired* electrons is irrelevant. Unpaired electrons can (sometimes) make a molecule highly reactive, but that in and of itself says nothing about bond strengths or stability. O2 has two unpaired electrons, but [O2]–, which has only one, is less stable and has a weaker bond.