Question

Vasodilating Drugs

What drugs are used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease? Select two (2) vasodilators and describe the mechanism of action and adverse effects of each drug selected.

(1)   Isosorbide dinitrate plus hydralazine

(2)   Nitroglycerin

(3)   Sodium nitroprusside [Nitropress]

Answer 1

1 Peripheral vasodilators decrease peripheral resistance by exerting a direct action on the arteries .It increases blood flow to the extremities and are used in peripheral vascular disorders of venous and arterial vessels.it is most effective for dsorders resulting from vasospasm.

2 Direct acting vasodilators relax the smooth muscle of the blood vessels ,mainly the artery causing vasodilation.Both Nitroglycerin and Sodium Nitroprusside are direct acting vasodilators .They relax the smooth muscles of the blood vessels ,mainly the arteries causing vasodilation.it promote an increaseinblood flow to the brain and kidneys.With vasodilation ,the BP drops and sodium and water are retained,resulting in peripheral edema..it is used in the client with moderate to severe hypertension andto decrease edema

Nitroglycerin adverse reactions includes headaches,flushed skin,orthostatic problems and reflectory tachycardia.Hypotension can be associated to a risk of cerebral ischemia.

With sodium nitroprusside ,cyanide toxicity and thiocyanate toxicity can occur.Hypotension,reflex tachycardia,palpitations,edema,dizziness,headache,nasal congestion,gastrointestinal bleeding,neurological symptoms, and confusion.