Question

What is the pathophysiology of Tetralogy of Fallot?
What are the sign and symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot?
What are the four Congenital deficits associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 1

Pathophysiology

There are 4 conditions in ttrology of fallot,ventricular septal defect(VSD),Pulmonary stenosis(PS),Right ventricle hypertrophy(RVH),Overriding of aorta.

VSD- A ventricular septal defect is a common heart defect most often present at birth,.It involves a hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers.Symptoms includes a bluish tint to the skin,lips and fingernails.In this condition,the oxygen rich blood gets pumped back to lungs instead of out to the body,causing the heart to work harder.

PS-It is caused by a narrowing of the pulmonary valve opening.Pulmonary Stenosis restricts blood flow from the lower right chamber(ventricle) to the pulmonary arteries,which deliver blood to the lungs.It is most commonly the result of a congenital heart defect.

RVH-It is a heart disorder charecterized by thickening of the walls of right ventricle.It is caused by either congenital or high blood pressure in the lungs.

OVERRIDING OF AORTA-it is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect.,instead of over the left ventricle.

2.signs and symptoms includes,

bluish discolouration of the skin caused by cyanosis,shortness of breath and rapid breathing especially during feeding or exercise,loss of consciousness,clubbing of fingers and toes,poor weight gain,irritability,prolonged crying,a heart murmur.

3.The four conditions includes ventricular septal defect,pulmonary stenosis,right ventricular hypertrophy and overriding of aorta.