8-year-old boy suddenly developed difficulty of breathing, wheezing, skin rash, and swelling of the lips. He...

8-year-old boy suddenly developed difficulty of breathing, wheezing, skin rash, and swelling of the lips. He was accompanied by his mother during a birthday party. He is known to have peanut allergy that flares on exposure and resulted in anaphylactic shock before. In such acute setting, a lifesaving medication would work by:

Blocking both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

Stimulating both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors

Competing with histamine over histaminic receptors

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the heart

Solutions

Expert Solution

PEANUT ALLERGY:

That occurs due to natural defence mechanisum which mistakenly identifies peanut as a contaminate substance
it is a life threatening response
symptoms: stomachache, runny nose, itchy ice, difficulty to breath and tingling in your eyes and tongue.
anaphylaxis: severe allergic reaction that affects the entire body with in minutes or seconds after expose to the substance.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

TYPE 1 hypersensitivity reaction
leads to anaphylatic reaction:- leads inflammation and allergic symptoms.
dendritic cell mistakely recognize peanut as a foreign pathogen - recognised by T cells - release of cytokines happen(IL 4, IL 5, IL 13) - bound to receptors on undifferentiated B cells - trigger mast cells , eosinophiles and basophils results inflammation and allergy symptoms.

Blocking both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors

not a right medication for peanut allergy.
alpha and beta adrenergic receptor are G protein coupled receptors targets catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine).
it may worse the current situvation.

Stimulating both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors

one of the right medication which can use for peanut allergy.
epinephrine injection
stimulation both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors will stimulate sympathetic nervous system:- which trigger by exercise and fear causing situations, cause increased physical perfomance.
epinephrine injection:- bronchodilation, vasodialation etc.

Competing with histamine over histaminic receptors

one of the right medication which can use for peanut allergy.
example :- diphenhydramine
blocking mechanism:- competitive antagonism of histamine binding to cellular receptor(H1). - H1 receptors are present in nerve endings, smooth muscles and granular cells. - blocking histamine receptor help to resolve allergic reactions.

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the heart.

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the heart is not a firstline treatment for peanut allergy.
muscarinic receptors are metabotropic receptors:- which directly excite postsynaptic neurones
usually giving for cardiooprotection against ischemic injuries
cant consider as firstline treatment for peanut allergy.

CONCLUSION:

Strict avoidance of peanut are the best thing to avoid the peanut allergy.
mostly its a heriditory disease
drugs which can use as first line therapy are :-

Stimulating both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.
Competing with histamine over histaminic receptors.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

An 8 year old boy was admitted to the emergency room with severe breathing problems. He...

An 8 year old boy was admitted to the emergency room with severe breathing problems. He had previously been playing at a friends house and developed nausea, vomiting and respiratory difficulty several hours after returning home. The following lab data were obtained upon admission: Sodium: 143 mmol/L Potassium: 3.6 mmol/L Chloride: 96 mmol/L Bicarbonate: 10 mmol/L pCO2: 25 mmHg BUN: 31 mg/dL Glucose: 82 mg/dL pH: 7.22 Measured Osmolality: 292 mOsm/kg Additional laboratory testing revealed the following data: Drug screen...

Juan is a 2 year old boy who was admitted via the ER for difficulty breathing....

Juan is a 2 year old boy who was admitted via the ER for difficulty breathing. He and his parents do not speak English. You immediately begin a focused assessment on Juan and your findings include: Juan is sitting upright with his hands on the bed, chin and tongue out, drooling excessively. Breath sounds in all lung fields are severely diminished. Stridor is present. His color is dusky blue, O2 Sats 60% HR 122, RR 24, BP 100/60 Juan’s parents...

Charlie is an 8-year-old boy who is having difficulty making friends and sitting still in class....

Charlie is an 8-year-old boy who is having difficulty making friends and sitting still in class. When he goes to school, his teacher complains that he can't sit still. He will sit for 3 minutes but soon after he starts bouncing his leg, and then he begins tapping his pencil. Shortly thereafter, he starts rapping lyrics under his breath. He is performing well in school, but his behavior is distracting others. Charlie isn't hyperactive like this at home, but his...

Charlie is an 8-year-old boy who is having difficulty making friends and sitting still in class....

A 22 year old client comes in for evaluation of a skin rash. She think she...

A 22 year old client comes in for evaluation of a skin rash. She think she may have psoriasis. For several years, she has completed of a white scaly rash that comes and goes. When preforming an initial work up history, what questions would you ask the client regarding the skin rash? 2. The client asks you to explain what kind of disease psoriasis is and would like you to discuss how the scaly patches develop. What is your response?...

My 8-month old son has a skin rash. The doctor prescribed hydrocortisone which is an anti-inflammatory...

My 8-month old son has a skin rash. The doctor prescribed hydrocortisone which is an anti-inflammatory drug that acts to stabilize the lysosome membranes. Explain why this effect reduces cell damage and inflammation. Why is this steroid hormone packaged in an oily based cream and applied topically (on the skin)? An individual arrives at the hospital with a very rare disease. This disease is typified by the destruction of Ribosomes in the cells. Describe the immediate and long-term effects this...

Jack, a 10-year old boy, is riding his bicycle on the way home. Suddenly, a dog...

Jack, a 10-year old boy, is riding his bicycle on the way home. Suddenly, a dog ran in front of his path, causing him to swerve towards the canal. Jack fell through the canal and his bicycle landed on top of him. The emergency room physician took his x-ray and later on informed Jack’s parents that their son had a closed fractured on his right arm. Instructions: 1. Complete an APIE for Jack 2. Create Nursing Diagnosis for Jack 3....

Parents of an 8-year-old boy and an 11-year-old girl want to enroll their children in a...

Parents of an 8-year-old boy and an 11-year-old girl want to enroll their children in a resistance training program at the local community center. They believe that resistance training will help make their children stronger and faster (and maybe even improve their soccer performance), but they are concerned about the potential for injury. Comment on issues regarding the safety of youth resistance training, and highlight program design considerations that address these concerns.

A 25-year-old woman has a 2-month history of difficulty in breathing and extreme fatigue. She has...

A 25-year-old woman has a 2-month history of difficulty in breathing and extreme fatigue. She has been on a “fad” diet for the past 6 months. Physical examination revealed no enlargement of the spleen or liver. Laboratory data are: Hemoglobin: 6.0 g/dL Hematocrit: 18% White cell count: 3.3 × 109/L White cell differential: Neutrophils: 10% Lymphocytes: 80% Monocytes: 10% Eosinophils, basophils: 0% Red cell count: 2.00 × 1012/L RDW: 12 Reticulocyte count: 0.6% Questions: 1. This patient’s MCV is ___...

Slaff, a 73-year-old retiree, was covered under Medicare for medical expenses. When Slaff experienced difficulty breathing,...

Slaff, a 73-year-old retiree, was covered under Medicare for medical expenses. When Slaff experienced difficulty breathing, she visited her family doctor for assistance. Her family doctor referred her to a pulmonologist, a specialist in respiratory illnesses, who prescribed a drug to address the medical condition. Can Slaff receive benefits under Medicare Part A to cover the fee charged by her general practitioner? Can Slaff receive benefits under Medicare Part B to cover the fee charged by her pulmonologist? Is Slaff’s...

Subjects