Question

1. Vomiting is very unpleasant, but what are some of the ways vomiting is good for you?

2. What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

3. Chemicals are in your food, are these chemicals found in your food harmful? Why or why not?

Answer 1

ANSWER 1 :-

1. First of all, vomiting is not an infection or any disease/disorder but is rather an output of any infection or disease. Vomiting is not a pleasant process and may prove serious in certain cases.
2. Vomiting can be defined as a body process in which the undigested materials, toxins are being removed from the body as a part of reflex action. Reflex action is an action which is generated without a voluntary control in response to a stimulus such as a needle which stimulates the nocireceptors which are also called as pain receptors. As the toxins are removed from the body, it prevents further damage to the body caused by the toxins.
3. Lets consider the example of the gastrointestinal system. The tenth cranial nerve called as the vagus nerve innervates the gastrointestinal system and is responsible to relay the information regarding undigestion to the brain which stimulates a reflex action to remove the undigested food.

ANSWER 2 :-

1. The term anatomy is derived from the words 'anatome' which is related to the external cut on the body and thus deals with the external structure of an animal whereas the terms physiology deals with the nature and the functional aspect of a particular structure of unit.
2. Basically, the human body is made up of different organs and tissue structures and all these structures interacts with each other to bring about proper regulation of the body system. Lets consider the example of pituitary gland and adrenal gland and the study of the structure of these structures is associated with anatomy. Apart from this, there is a proper network of interaction to mediate a co-ordinated activity which is the organization of these structures and hence both these terms are associated with anatomy. On the other hand, physiology deals with the actual interaction processes involved in regulation such as the hormonal control of release of insulin depending upon the blood glucose levels.
3. In short, lets consider an organ like liver. The liver is made up of hepatocytes and the external structural study thus deals with anatomy whereas the function of the liver such as mediating storage of glucose in the form of glycogen is associated with physiology.
4. We can state that a particular organ or system remains functional only upto the point till the animal is alive. After the death of the animal, the organ system becomes non functional and hence physiological studies can be carried out only when the animal is alive. Whereas on the other hand, structural and external morphological studies can be performed in all instances. This is another major difference associated with both the studies.

ANSWER 3 :-

1. The question is a polar question in which the chemical additives used in food can be either harmful or may not have any effect. These chemical can either be used to improve the taste of the food products such as the artificial sweeteners which enhance the sweetness of the food. Some chemicals are used to provide appearance to a product such as the colors.
2. Lets consider the chemical called Monosodium glutamate (MSG) which is used in Chinese foods to enhance flavour although this is shown to have damaging effects on the cardiovascular system and is associated with heart problems. Allura Red AC is a food dye which is shown to have carcinogenic effects. Most of the chemicals in limited amount are harmless although lets consider the example of fructose syrup which in higher amounts is associated with various problems. So, more than being a polar question, the answer more possibly suggests these chemicals to have a damaging effect if used in higher amounts.

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