Question

Refer the previous question: The following table gives the common disorders, problems and complaints associated with each body system and its components relevant to the nursing care you might provide for your clients in the Australian health care system. Complete the following table with regard to its definition, pathophysiology, signs and impact of specific health procedures(in 10-20 words each). DISEASES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pneumonia Pneumonia 14.1) Definition 14.2) Briefly outline the pathophysiology 14.3) List four signs 14.4) Nurses should encourage hydration unless contraindicated. Briefly describe the impact of this nursing intervention.

Answer 1

14.1 definition of pneumonia :- is an inflammation of lung tissue.

14.2 pathophysiology :- usually the bacteria enter the lungs through nose, thoart, meaning infection is airborne leading to the invasion of cells and alveoli which gives rise to macrophages neutrophilic reaction to inactivate bacteria , neutrophils also release cytokinesis which lead to generalised activation of immune system causing fever, chills, fatigue and residual neutrophils and bacteria fill fluid in the spaces of cells and alveoli resulting in consolidation.

14.3 clinical features onset is viral respiratory infection leading to high temperature , dry cough , pleuritic pain, rusty coloured sputum , rapid shallow breathing.

14.4 examination required blood tests confirming infection,chest x ray , sputum test and pulse oximetery,pleural fluid culture and CT scan.

14.5 Nursing approach is based on ineffective airway clearance to copious tracheobronchial secretions , activity intolerance due to impaired respiratory function, deficient fluid volume due to fever and dyspnoea, nutrition imbalance .

14.5 Removal of retained secretions is very necessary as it interfere and slow down the improvement of patient.

Nurse encourage hydration of 2/3 l per day because adequate hydration thins and loosens pulmonary secretions thus improving ventilation .A neubulization regime gives good results for loosening the secretions a high humidity facemask delivers warm humidified air to tracheobronchial tree helps to liquify secretions a lung expansion manuvers with incentive spirometry may induce cough correct positioning of patient chest physiotherapy is generally used nowadays oxygen therapy should be given under monitored administration promotion of rest and conservation of energy with antibacterial therapy , mucolytics and expectorants , analgesics