Question

Cells are the basic living unit of structure and function in organisms. Describe the following terms related to human cell (in 30-40 words each) 1.1) Structure of cell 1.2) Function of cell 1.3) Cellular respiration 1.4) Requirements of cell for survival

Answer 1

1.1)Structure of cell-The cell is the basic building block of all life forms. There are many types of cell in the human body which vary in size, structure and function.The cell consists outer layer called plasma membrane ,mitochondria which is power house of the cells, ribosomes which contains ribonucleic acid ,endoplasmic reticulum similar to plasma membrane ,Lysosomes which acts against microrganisms,golgi apparatus containing proteins and enzymes, lipids, collagen ,mucus and a nucleus which is the largest cell structure containing tangled mass of chromatin made up of DNA and protein .Thus cell can be viewed clearly by microscope.(https://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk)

1.2)Functions of cell- It helps in transport of nutrients ,provides structure and support, facilitates metabolism (chemical reaction ) and reproduction(transmission of genetic material from one generation to another via cell division),elimination of wastes.

http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Cells/Cell-Functions.php

1.3) Cellular respiration-All cells need to be able to obtain and transport energy to power their life functions.he most common “energy currency” of cells is ATP – a molecule which stores a lot of energy in its phosphate bonds. These bonds can be broken to release that energy and bring about changes to other molecules, such as those needed to power cell membrane pump.. Mitochondria are often called “the powerhouse of the cell” because they are able to produce so much ATP. The term cellular respiration refers to the biochemical pathway by which cells release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and provide that energy for the essential processes of life. All living cells must carry out cellular respiration. It can be aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen or anaerobic respiration. Prokaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration within the cytoplasm or on the inner surfaces of the cells.(http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/celres.html),(https://biologydictionary.net/cellular-respiration/)

1.4) Requirements for survival of cell-Cell needs oxygen and glucose which  is used in a process called glycolysis where the cell makes a chemical called ATP which is basically our energy.Without oxygen,nutrients and the removal of wastes, cells do not survive. Blood via circulation delivers the necessary nutrients and oxygen to cell and carries away waste.