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In: Biology

How is ATP & NADPH formed in photosynthesis? Where do they actually form? Which stage does...

How is ATP & NADPH formed in photosynthesis? Where do they actually form? Which stage does this occur? What is the pathway of electrons? How do electrons get replaced? What role does oxygen, water, and hydrogen play in this process?

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Expert Solution

Answer =

ATP & NADPH formed in photosynthesis as follows:

Photosynthesis is completed in two phases,light dependent and light independent.The ,light dependent phase is occurs in grana of choloroplast. It involves the absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments and its conversion into chemical energy in the form of ATP .

ATP is formed by the process of photophosphorylation, is the process in which energy rich ATP molecules are synthesized using solar energy is called as  photophosphorylation.ATP forms when a phosphate group is added to ADP, adenosine diphosphate.The hydrogen ions freed by the breakdown of water molecules flow through an enzyme called ATP synthase.This enzyme catalyzes the reaction that adds a phosphate group to ADP,producing ATP.

Where do they actually form =

They that is ATP and NADPH are actually form in light dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

ATP is formed during Non-cyclic as well as cyclic photophosphorylation.

Which stage does this occur = this occur in light dependent stage of photosynthesis.

What is the pathway of electrons= Electrons are transferred sequencially between the two photosystems, with Photosystem I acting to generate NADPH and photosystem II acting to generate ATP.

High energy electrons are then transferred through a series of carriers in both photosystems and in a third protein complex,the cytochrome bf complex.

Plastoquinone carries electrons from photosystem II to the cytochrome bf complex,within which electrons are transferred to plastocyanin.from plastocyanin electrons are transferred to photosystem I .photosystem I uses these high energy electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH.


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