Using the following DNA sequence, come up with your own corresponding sequence after a 1) point...

Using the following DNA sequence, come up with your own corresponding sequence after a 1) point mutation and 2) frameshift mutation. Also write out the corresponding RNA sequence: AGTAAACGTACCTGAGACGGG Explain how gene regulation in eukaryotes differs from gene regulation in prokaryotes.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1. AGTAAACCTACCTGAGACGGG - Point mutation.

A point mutation is a type of mutation in DNA or RNA , in which one single nucleotide base is added deleted or changed. Eg: Sickle cell anaemia.

2. AGTAAACGTACCTGAGACGGG - Normal sequence.

A GTA AAC GTA CCT GAG ACG GG... : +1 Frame shifted translation.

AG TAA ACG TAC CTG AGA CGG G... : -1 Frame shifted translation.

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. Eg: Tay - Sachs disease.

3. Corresponding RNA Sequence - AGUAAACGUACCUGAGACGGG.

DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the base adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine.

4. Difference between gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

There are multiple ways gene regulation differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotics don't have a true nucleus but eukaryotics do.

So transcription and its regulation in prokaryotics is much simpler. But the eukaryotes have to transcribe and then have a process for mRNA processing like capping, splicing and adding ply adenine tail, and then have a special mechanism to transport the processed mature mRNA to the cytoplasm from the nucleus.
Because prokayotes don't have a nuclear membrane, transcription and translation can occur at opposite ends of the mRNA molecule at the same time. This is not true for eukaryotes.
Transcription is responsible for most gene regulation in prokaryotes but in eukaryotes, gene regulation is more complicated and genes are regulated before and after transcription.
And another difference is that eukaryotes don't express their genes all at once; they express one at a time. Prokaryotes do.
Prokaryotes don't contain introns. So splicing of introns and joining of exons are not needed. But in eukaryotics, splicing of introns and joining of exons is needed.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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