Question

discuss this models (1- health belief model, 2- health promotion model, 3- resource model of preventive health behavior, 4- human ecologic model )

Answer 1

1.Health belief model
The Health Belief Model is a type of a theoretical model that can be used to guide health promotion and disease prevention programs. .It is a key elements of the Health Belief Model which is focused on individual beliefs about health conditions, which predict individual health-related behaviors.
The Health Belief Model (HBM) was evolved in 1950's which was introduced by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock and others. they were working in the U.S. Public Health Service to describe the failure of people participating in programs to prevent and detect the disease.
Example of an health belief model is posits that a cue, or trigger and is necessary for prompting engagement in health-promoting behaviors. Cues to action will be an internal or an external. Physiological cues like pain, symptoms are an example of internal cues to action.
2. Health promotion model
The health promotion model described as the multifaceted nature of persons,they interact within their environment to chase the health. Pender's model aimed on three areas like individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and the behavioral outcomes.
Different types of health promotion model, they have Selected theories and models that are used for health promotion and disease prevention programs include:
Ecological Models.
The Health Belief Model.
Stages of Change Model (Transtheoretical Model)
Social Cognitive Theory.
Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior.
There are many benefits for Health promoting behavior that is the desired behavioral outcome and is the endpoint in the Health Promotion Model. Health promoting behaviors outcome become improved health,increased functional ability and the good quality of life at all stages of development.
3.Preventive health behaviour
Preventive health behavior (PHB) is a activity which is accepted by a person who believes himself to be healthy person for the purpose of preventing disease” . It is the one of the characteristics of a population which affects the frequency of visits to a doctor.
There are three types of preventive care such as primary, secondary, and tertiary care
Primary Prevention
Primary prevention focused on to avoid the development of a disease or disability in healthy individuals.
Secondary Prevention
The main aim of secondary prevention is early observation of a disease and making it possible to prevent the worsening of the disease and the development of symptoms, or to decrease or minimize complications and limit disabilities before the disease becomes severe.
Tertiary Prevention
The main aim of tertiary prevention is to decrease the negative impact of an already-established disease by restoring function and decreasing disease-related complications.
4.Human ecologic model
The main concept of an ecological model is based on behavior, that have multiple levels of influences including intrapersonal like biological, psychologicaland interpersonal like social, cultural, organizational, community, physical environmental, and policy.
The human ecology theory focused at the interactions of humans with their environments and they can be consider this relationship as a system. In this theoretical framework contain biological, social, and physical aspects of the organism which are considered within the context of their environments.
The main importance of human ecology is to find the causes of pathological interactions between humans and the environment that sustains them and all other species. Humans and their societies are depend on environmental resources to provide energy, food, and materials.