Question

summaries the models related to health promotion and illness prevention

Answer 1

There are several models related to Health promotion and disease prevention.

These include:

1. Ecological models

2. The health belief model

3. Stage of change model

4. Social cognitive theory

5. Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour

1. Ecological models-it emphasizes environmental and policy context of behaviour, while including social and psychological influences. This model can assist in providing the complete perspective of the factors that affect specific health behaviours. They provide framework for understanding multiple and interactive determinants of health.There are 5 levels in ecological model.

-intrapersonal

-interpersonal

-organisational

-community

-public policy

2. The health belief model-it is a psychology model that tries to explain and predict health behaviour by mainly focusing on attitude and beliefs of individual. It is used to explain and predict individual changes in health behaviours. It sugges people's belief about public health problems, perceived benefits of action and barriers to action. Interventions based on health belief model aim to increase perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness of health condition by providing education about the incidence of disease, risk, and information about the consequence of disease.

3. Stage of change model-it explain individuals readiness to change their behaviour. It involves 6 stages.

-precontemplation: no intention in taking action

-contemplation: there are intention to take action and plan to do in near future.

-preparation or determination:there is intention to take action and some steps have already been taken.

-action: behaviour has changed for a short period

-Maintenance: behaviour changed and will remain for long time

-Relapse: no desire to return to prior negative behaviour

4. Social cognitive theory-Involves the influence of individual experience,the action of others and the environmental factors on individual health behaviour. Key components of social cognitive theory:

-self efficacy: individual has control over and able to execute our behaviour

-behavioral capability-having skill to perform a behaviour

-expectations-outcome of the behaviour change

-expectancy-assigning a value to the outcome of change

-self control-monitoring self behaviour

5. Theory of reasoned action or planned behaviour-it suggests that persons health behaviour is determined by their intention to perform behaviour and it is a function of attitude towards behaviour and subjective norms.It aims to explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour within human action.