The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Matricaria recutita extract (the active ingredient in chamomile tea) on sleep quality, fatigue, and depression in postpartum women. Sleep quality is a significant issue for women after childbirth and chamomile is widely used as a folk remedy for its presumed sedative-hypnotic effects. A total of 80 Taiwanese postnatal women, aged 25-35 with poor sleep quality were recruited from November 2012-August 2013. They were randomly assigned to one of two possible groups of 40 people each. The participants in Group 1 were instructed to drink M. recutita extract (540mg/day)) daily for a period of 2 weeks. The participants in Group 2 received regular postpartum care only. The Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale (PSQS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Postpartum Fatigue Scale were used to assess sleep quality, fatigue, and depression with higher scores indicating poorer outcomes. Compared with Group 2, Group 1 demonstrated significantly lower scores of physical-symptoms-related sleep inefficiency (t = -2·482, P = 0·015) and the symptoms of depression (t = -2·372, P = 0·020). Chamomile tea may be recommended to postpartum women as a supplementary approach to alleviating depression and sleep quality problems.

Question 6:

What type of study design was this? (4 points)

Question 7:

List two advantages and two disadvantages of this type of study design. (8 points)

In March 2012, two patients - a 39-year-old man (Patient 1) and a 36-year-old woman (Patient 2) - presented at a hospital in Queens, NY with symptoms of vomiting followed by dysphagia, diplopia, dysarthria, dyspnea, and difficulty walking. Neurologic examination of Patient 1 (who arrived on March 12^th) revealed bilateral cranial nerve deficits: dilated pupils minimally reactive to light, ptosis, oculomotor palsy, and facial paralysis. He was admitted to the intensive-care unit. Electromyography studies eventually were determined to be suspicious for, but not diagnostic of, botulism. Botulinum toxin type B was identified by bioassay in fecal specimens. Examination of Patient 2, (who arrived at the hospital on March 28, 2012), was conducted by the same clinicians who had cared for Patient 1, and who by this time had laboratory confirmation of botulism in patient 1. They immediately suspected botulism because of the similar clinical presentation, and admitted Patient 2 to the hospital. Electromyography studies were determined to be suspicious for, but not diagnostic of, botulism, and no botulinum toxin was detected in serum or fecal specimens for Patient 2. Both patients improved and were discharged. Further investigation by the New York City Department of Health revealed that both patients had purchased fresh tofu from the same grocery store in Queens in January 2012, and each had prepared home-fermented tofu using similar recipes. Similar fermentation practices at the two homes might have facilitated toxin production. Testing confirmed botulinum toxin type B in home-fermented tofu consumed by patient 1. Bulk tofu at the grocery in Queens was found to be sold in unrefrigerated, uncovered, water-filled bins. Traceback revealed that the grocery's fresh bulk tofu supplier at the time of the patients' purchases had gone out of business. DOHMH advised the grocery's manager of the need to properly store bulk tofu. Public health responders and clinicians should be aware of the association between botulism and fermented tofu.

Question 8:

What type of study design was this? (4 points)

Question 9:

In general, what is the primary importance of this type of study to population health science? (4 points)

Question 10:

What is the biggest limitation of this type of study design? (4 points)

Normative changes in cognitive function are expected with increasing age. Research on the relationship between normative cognitive decline and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SED) needs further investigation in Hispanic/Latinos adults. We assessed the association between accelerometer assessed MVPA and SED with cognitive function in 7,478 adults aged 45-74years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. At baseline, cognitive tests included two executive function tests (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a test of language (Word Fluency), and a test of memory (Spanish English Verbal Learning Test). Multiple regression models were used to examine associations of time spent in MVPA and SED with cognitive function by age groups, adjusted for age, education, sex, acculturation, and field center. Mean time spent in sedentary behaviors was 12.3 hours/day in females and 11.9 hours/day in males. Higher SED, but not MVPA, was associated with lower DSST raw scores (β -0.03 with each 10-min increment in SED; P<0.05), indicating lower performance in executive function in all age groups. No associations were observed for MVPA and SED with tests of language or memory tests. Our findings suggest a distinct association of SED but not MVPA on executive functioning in middle-aged and older Latino adults. Further studies are needed to more conclusively determine causal links.

Question 11:

What type of study design was this? (2 points)

Question 12:

What was the exposure(s) of interest? How was it measured? (4 points)

Question 13:

What was the outcome(s) of interest? How was it measured? (4 points)

Question 14:

Which measure of disease frequency is most often reported for this type of study design? Why? (4 points)

Question 15:

What type of study design would better address the same research question? Briefly explain your reasoning in 1-2 sentences maximum. (4 points)

Question 22:

You previously used R to generate a contingency table for the association between bullying (anyB, i.e., at school or online) and indications of suicide risk (anyS). The table was generated as follows:

> table(anyB,anyS)

anyS

anyB 0 1

   0 649 108

   1 165 78

1. Use these data to compute the odds ratio for the crude association between bullying and indications of suicide risk. (2 points)
2. Interpret the odds ratio that you calculate in a sentence. (2 points)

1)

Which of the following(s) is/are dimension(s) of wellness?

Group of answer choices

Emotional

Physical

Intellectual

2)

During this stage of change, people already know they have a problem and intend to take an action within 6 months

Group of answer choices

Termination

Contemplation

Precontemplation

Maintainance

All of the above

3)

A planned, structured, repetitive movement intended specifically to improve or maintain physical fitness is called

Group of answer choices

Physical activity

Exercise

Driving a car

Walking to your car

4)

This is an example of vigorous physical activity

Group of answer choices

Running

Lap swimming

Hiking

All of the above

5)

When the left ventricle of the heart contracts, where does it pump the blood?

Group of answer choices

Lungs

Left atrium

Through the body

Left atrium

6)

Which of the following is a normal blood pressure reading?

Group of answer choices

130/80

120/80

150/100

80/120

7)

An increase in muscle fiber size is called

Group of answer choices

Muscle hypertrophy

Muscle atrophy

Megally

Buffed

8)

Tissue that connects bone to bone is called

Group of answer choices

Tendon

Ligament

Meniscus

Cartilage

9)

The joint structure consists of

Group of answer choices

Ligaments

Joint capsule

Cartilage

All of the above

10)

A technique in which muscles are stretched by force applied from an outside source is called

Group of answer choices

Ballistic stretching

Dynamic stretching

Static stretching

Passive stretching

11)

According to Federal Physical Activity Guidelines, people are recommended to perform 150 minutes or more per week of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic exercise

Group of answer choices

True

False

12)

Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort. It depends on such factors as the size of muscle fibers and the ability of nerves to activate muscle fibers

Group of answer choices

True

False

13)

To check your hydration status, if your urine color is dark orange, it means you are properly hydrated

Group of answer choices

True

False

14)

Isometric muscle contraction is when muscle contracts and shortens

Group of answer choices

True

False

15)

Static stretching is a technique when muscles are slowly and gently stretched and then held in the stretched position

Group of answer choices

True

False

What are you curious about regarding infectious diseases or environmental health and safety?

Rx

age: 30 years

Gender: female

Diagnosis: HTN in pregnancy

methyldopa T 500 mg bid

lasix T 40 mg, 1/2 tab od

valsartan 80 mg, 160 mg od

ferrous sulphate 200 mg , tid

Note: patient cannot tolerate ferrous sulphate.

according to this prescription find the mistakes, the interaction, dose of each medication , the toxicity level , antidotes and the counselling  for all medication

Why are standards of care essential to nursing practice?

Question 2 b The policy of the facility is that the young people must be woken three times by knocking on their doors. Staff may not enter the rooms and the young people are not forced to get up. Consequently, there is little incentive for clients to get up. They tend to stay in bed all day then go out all night and get drunk or drug affected. Nicole feels that these young people lack discipline. They should be made to get up in the morning – even if it means going into their rooms and throwing water over them. That’s what her Dad used to do when she wouldn’t get up in the morning! Then they could be locked in the house at night to stop all the night time shenanigans! How else will they grow up to be functioning members of the community?

b) Do you think this situation is causing Nicole further stress? Why/why not?

1. You are a nurse admitting a patient to the hospital from the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath and recent weight loss. After receiving a report from the ED nurse, you ready the patient’s room according to unit specifications and collect the necessary equipment and forms. When the patient arrives, she is using oxygen via a nasal cannula and seems to be comfortable. As you begin your admission activities and paperwork, you note that her shortness of breath slightly increases as she answers your questions. (Learning Objectives )
   1. What data in the scenario are pertinent?
   2. What type of nursing assessment would you expect to complete and why?
   3. Why would you need to establish assessment priorities?
   4. What patient factors would assist in identifying and prioritizing data?
   5. What challenges might the nurse encounter during data collection?

1. You receive a patient as a direct admission from a physician’s office. During the patient’s transfer from the wheelchair to the bed you note a limp. The patient’s daughter is present and comments, “This is the fourth time she’s been admitted to this hospital in the past year.” The patient and her daughter demonstrate a close, loving relationship. The daughter not only encourages her mother but also sets boundaries regarding her mother’s anxiety. (Learning Objectives #3, #4, and #5)
   1. What categories of data (provide definitions as well) would you expect to collect in this admission interview?
   2. Describe the characteristics of collected data and their impact on collected data.
   3. Where could you find helpful data sources?
   4. Describe the role of observation of incompetent nursing care.

Which of the following is an example of a core-training exercise?

Group of answer choices

Modified dip

Pushup

Abdominal crunch

Step-up

Leg curl

I'm having trouble with knowing what type of dye you need to use for the microorganisms in Microbiology, can you please explain