Question

An antibiotic was discovered to inhibit citrate synthase. How many ATP would be produced per glucose after the addition of the antibiotic Show all work.

Answer 1

The antibiotics are given in the treatment of an infection caused by bacterias. It is not effective against viruses. You must know how you have get infected.The enzyme citrate synthesis exists in nearly all living cells and stands as a pace-making enzyme. Citrate synthase is present inside the eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix.

Citrate synthase is mostly used as a quantitative enzyme marker for the presence of mitochondria .Activity of citrate synthase is the mitochondrial content of skeletal muscle. It can be increased by endurance training or high-intensity interval training .Activity is increased more with high-intensity interval training. Citrate synthase the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of four-carbon oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon citrate by condensation reaction.

ATP PRODUCTION

The main three points of citrate synthesis are amino acids in its active site and it catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA [H₃CC(=O)?SCoA] and oxaloacetate[^?O₂CCH₂C(=O)CO₂^?] into citrate [^?O₂CCH₂C(OH)(CO₂^?)CH₂CO₂^?] and H?SCoA. The cycle begins with the negatively charged carboxylate side chain oxygen atom of Asp-375 deprotonating acetyl CoA’s alpha carbon atom to form an enolate anion. The epsilon nitrogen lone pair of electrons on His-274 formed in the last step abstracts the hydroxyl enol proton to reform an enolate anion that initiates a nucleophilic attack on the oxaloacetate’s carbonyl carbon [^?O₂CCH₂C(=O)CO₂^?] which in turn deprotonate the epsilon nitrogen atom. This leads to the nucleophilic addition results in the formation of citroyl . A water molecule is deprotonated by the epsilon nitrogen atom of and hydrolysis is initiated. One of the oxygen’s lone pairs nucleophilically attacks the carbonyl carbon of citroyl?CoA.. The ?SCoA is protonated to form HSCoA. And at the last the hydroxyl added to the carbonyl group in the previous step is deprotonated and citrate [^?O₂CCH₂C(OH)(CO₂^?)CH₂CO₂^?] is formed.

Enzyme is inhibited by high ratios of ATP:ADP, acetyl-CoA:CoA, and NADH:NAD, as high concentrations of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and NADH show that the energy supply is high for the cell. It also inhibites succinyl-CoA, which resembles Acetyl-coA and acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor in every reaction. This is how Citrate inhibits the reaction .