Water is flowing in a 200 mm pipeline fitted with a 45^o bend in a vertical plane. The diameter at the outlet of the bend is 500 mm. The pipe axis at the inlet is horizontal and the outlet is 1.5 m above the inlet. If the flow through the bend is 0.4 m³/s and a head loss of 0.5 m occurs in the bend, calculate the magnitudes and the directions of the resultant force the bend support must withstand. The volume of the bend is 0.070 m³ and the pressure at the inlet is 300 kN/m²

2) a.) Cite some reasons why crustal contamination is more evident in continental arcs than in island arcs

b.) How would you expect 87Sr/86Sr to vary in magmas that traverse a significant thickness of ancient continental crust? 143Nd/144Nd? Why? Why might the CVZ of the Andes show higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 143Nd/144Nd than the NVZ or SVZ?

c.) How do the major batholith belts relate to continental-arc volcanics? Why are the batholiths exposed in some areas and covered by volcanics in others?

How to calculate an average viscosity. Give equation for it.

3) How is the Earth’s magnetic field generated and explain the theory of magnetic reversals? How often does this occur and are there any observed patterns?

topic: Physical Geography- Weather/Climate

Paragraph 1: Explain the topic (example: The Carter Doctrine states that...)
Paragraph 2: Explain why this topic fascinates you (example: The Carter Doctrine is interesting to me because...)
Paragraph 3: Explain why this topic is important using a geographic argument (example: Geography argues that it is important to study America's vested interest in oil on a global scale because...)

what are some of the main approaches used to protect wetlands around the world? (i.e, minimize losses)?

A beverage is prepared by combining fresh juice (12% solids) with sugar and water to achieve a final concentration of 8% juice solids and 4% sugar. The beverage is pasteurized continuously in a regenerative heating/cooling plate heat exchanger. The juice first enters the pasteurizer at 500 kg/h, 20°C through the regeneration section, where it is being warmed up to 65°C by the outgoing hot product. The juice then flows through the heating section, where it is heated to a target temperature by the heating medium (hot water). The hot water enters the heating section at 95°C and exits at 87°C, at a flow rate of 841 kg/h. The juice then passes back through the regeneration section where it is being cooled by the incoming product. The juice finally flows through the cooling section, where it is cooled to 4°C. In the cooling section, the cooling water enters and leaves the pasteurizer at 0°C and 8°C, respectively. The hot water in the heating section is heated in a heat exchanger using steam at 120°C with a mass flow rate of 12.9 kg/h. The steam condensate leaves the heat exchanger at 98°C. Heat capacity of juice is 3.75 kJ/kg.K, and water is 4.18 kJ/kg.K.

(a) draw a schematic diagram of the process indicating all streams

(b) calculate the quantities of juice, water and sugar required

(c) determine the temperature of the product exiting the heating section

(d) calculate the purity of the steam (i.e., steam quality) required in the heat exchanger

(e) calculate the mass flow rate of the cooling water

1. What is Energy

   • The Capacity to do Work
   • Force times Distance
   • The amount of light emitted by the Sun
   • None of the above

2. Which of the following properties applies to energy?

   • In a system it is a quantity that changes with time
   • In a system it is a quantity that is conserved
   • It is measured in horse power
   • It is measured in Watts

3. How does the Earth store the majority of solar energy?

   • In fossil fuels
   • In Land and Oceans
   • In powering life
   • None of the above, it is mostly reflected in space.

4. What is luminosity in Astrophysics?

   • It is a measure of the power emitted in light
   • It is a measure of the energy per unit time emitted in light
   • It is a physical quantity measured in erg/s
   • All of the above

5. How did Kelvin estimate the age of Sun

   • By measuring its mass
   • By estimating the amount of energy emitted and comparing it to available gravitational energy
   • By estimating the amount of energy emitted and comparing it to available nuclear energy
   • By making consideration on erosion.

6. What powers the Sun?

   • Gravitational energy converted into heat
   • Friction of the high density gas
   • The mass loss in the nuclear fusion of 4 Hydrogen Atoms into 1 Helium atom
   • Burning of gas in core of the Sun

7. Why is fusion difficult to obtain?

   • Because protons repel because of their charge
   • Because it requires very high density
   • Because it requires high temperatures
   • All of the above

8. Is nuclear fusion a possible solution to produce clean and cheap energy?

   • T
   • F

- How should Humanity relate to Nature in pursuit of the Common Good?

Discuss some of the threats to the loss of biodiversity; explain why this is a serious environmental concern and discuss efforts that are being made to preserve biodiversity.

Thank you (:

In the ArcGIS system, State and briefly explain 2 precautions you should take when combining data from multiple sources?

If someone playing Poker against you had a Full House, what are the odds you could win against them? (We’ll assume that their cards are ‘still in the deck’ when it comes to calculating your own odds)

The starting and ending depths of the three general zones will be different at different longitudes.

search the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” on the Internet. What role have ocean currents played in the creation of this phenomenon?

researching the “Great Nike Sneaker Spill of 1990” on the Internet. Where did the spill occur? Where did the shoes wash up on shore? What current(s) were responsible for transporting the shoes from the location of the spill to where they washed ashore?

Distillation column pressure variation can increase column capacity. Capacity gains can be achieved either from raising or lowering the pressure. Raising the pressure reduces gas density, thus allowing a greater vapor flow rate through the column, but it also reduces relative volatility, causing a higher reflux and reboil requirement for the same separation. Research and describe a scenario where applying a pressure variation to a distillation column might be preferable