Identify two economic uses for Galveston Bay and the features of the bay that support that economic activity.

Environmental Engineering: Please answer the following question with details and clear hand writing.

Mention three main mitigation strategies for reducing fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions from a reference scenario to a stabilization path. Give an example for each strategy.

Urea pellets are made by spraying drops of molten urea into cold gas at the top of a tall tower and allowing the material to solidify as it falls. Pellets 6 mm in diameter are to be made in a tower 25 m high containing air at 20 °C. The density of urea is 1330 kg/m3 . a. What would be the terminal velocity of the pellets, assuming free-settling conditions? 2 b. Would the pel1ets attain 99 percent of this velocity before they reached the bottom of the tower?

How can central banks assist with reducing the risks related to climate change?

Do research on flex-fuel vehicles ,because you will participate here in a debate about these types of vehicles. You will have to take a position in favor or against their use. You will be assigned a position in favor or against. In order to prepare for your stance, you have to be sure you know the answer to these questions that can guide you on your research. You must include a list of references (minimun 5) used for your research, What is a flex-fuel car and how is it different from a regular vehicle? What are the environment pros and cons to using flex-fuel vehicles? What is E-85 and how might it help the US become more energy independent? Would using more corn for ethanol result in a net environmental benefit?

Doing a geology project and I have picked 2 locations. I need examples of bothe phisical and chemical wethering that happens at the locations Mt Everest and Death Valley. I am told Frost Wedging occurs at Everest and Root Wedging occurs at Death Valley and theres lots of chemical weathering at both locations. I need specfic examples of these things at each location from observations I would see if I were at each location

Examples of Frost Wedging at Mt Evererest and Root Wedging at Death Valley/ Phisical Weathering at Death Valley

Examples of Chemical Weathering at Mt Everest and and Death Valley Oxidation/ dissoulution/ hydrolisis

How the English language has evolved like a living creature

Some linguists think of language as a living thing: It grows and changes, and every time a child learns it, the language reproduces itself. Now, a team of researchers is using the analogy of evolution to explain language change, arguing that key factors in biological evolution—like natural selection and genetic drift—have parallels in how languages change over time. And it turns out that the random changes, known as “drift” in biology, may have played an outsized role in the evolution of the English language.

Historians of English have long acknowledged that social and cognitive factors shape language over time. For example, languages lose irregular verb conjugations or other word forms that are hard to remember. And certain words or pronunciations get used because they are associated with people who have status and power—think about how new arrivals adopt the local accent in order to fit in. These pressures on language are based on concrete factors, similar to the biological pressures of natural selection.

But that explanation didn’t satisfy University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) evolutionary biologist Joshua Plotkin. He was puzzled by oddities such as a growing preference for the word “clarity” over its synonym “clearness.” According to standard linguistic theory, “clearness” should be more common because adding “-ness” is an easy-to-remember rule for making a noun out of an adjective. But that’s not what happened in English. “As an outsider,” Plotkin says, “this increase seemed at odds with the notion that language … regularize[s] over time.” So he decided to roll up his sleeves and apply some theories from evolutionary biology.

With another evolutionary biologist and two linguists from UPenn, he analyzed three databases of historical English together containing more than 400 million words and ranging from 1100 C.E. to the 21st century. The researchers used statistical methods from population genetics to analyze three well-known changes in the English language: how past-tense verbs in American English have taken the “-ed” ending, (as when “spilt” became “spilled”), how the word “do” became an auxiliary verb in Early Modern English (as in “Did you sing?”), and how negative sentences were made in Old to Early Modern English.

They found that selection was the likely cause of how negative sentence structures changed over time (like how the Old English “Ic ne secge” became the Early Modern English “I say not”). But the two other changes were likely the results of random drift, they write today in a letter published in Nature. That’s because, rather than having an even rate of change, the frequencies of alternative forms changed in fits and starts—jagged fluctuations that were obvious in the data set. When it came to the verbs, they found that drift’s influence was stronger when the verb was less frequent. Only six past tense changes in their data set, such as “lighted” to “lit,” were deemed to have changed for purposeful reasons, such as being easier to learn and use.

Explain how the English language evolved

Question #3: Compare the short-term and long-term carbon cycling. Please define each term. Hypothesize if humans are altering each one and provide two examples. Make sure your answer is at least 500 words but no longer than 900 words.

Snowball Earth: Mission to Planet Earth in the Distant Past

In this class, we've learned about our planet, the Earth, and about many other planetary bodies in our solar system. We've seen that there are many interesting similarities and differences between them. The Earth resides in the warm inner solar system, near the Sun, but Venus and Mercury are even hotter than the Earth. Most of the solar system is farther from the Sun than the Earth is, so we've learned about things like ice on Mars, on Europa, on Enceladus, etc..., and even about signs of liquid water beneath the surfaces of some of those bodies.

For this question, you're going to imagine you're a space alien living about 650 million years ago, on some other planetary body (like Mars or a moon of an outer planet), and you're studying the Earth.

Let's imagine this alien species has evolved much like humans have, and has senses similar to ours, and a level of intelligence like ours, and has developed science much like we have today.

So there you are - it's about 650 million years ago, and you're a space alien with human-like senses and intelligence, and a level of scientific and technological development like early 21st-century humans have. Just because you're a space alien, it doesn't mean you have super-duper advanced technology. You've got late-20th to early-21st century technology, if we're making a comparison to humans.

Now, here's the thing - 650 million years ago, the Earth was weird! It was going through a strange episode in its history called Snowball Earth. (In fact, there were more than one of these "snowball" episodes. The most recent one was about 650 million years ago. Complex multicellular life evolved on Earth about 540 million years ago.)

Scientists aren't sure if the Earth totally froze, with the oceans and continents completely covered with ice, but let's assume it did. Nothing but white everywhere. Like the ice planet Hoth from "The Empire Strikes Back". Kind of like the illustration in this article about Snowball Earth.

Method 2 - To get ALL of the possible points

Question: But what if... just what if... you just might be so gosh-darn smart, you can solve this problem without a space program! You can solve it with the technology of the late 1700s! Imagine you're sitting there listening to Hamilton - those people could have solved this problem!

How would they have done it? I wonder... hmm...

If you can figure out the low-tech, pre-space-age, could-have-been-done-200-years-ago method, you can write it in a few short paragraphs, like a medium-sized Discussion post

Your boss asked to analyze a system that initially contains 3,000 gallons of water that is contaminated with 53 lbs of arsenic. He wants you to reduce the concentration of the arsenic down to 10 mg/L, which is the standard that the US Environmental Protection requires for your company to be able to bottle and sell the water. You have a 1 hp pump that will allow you to move 17 gallons/minute of water into the well-mixed tank with the contaminated water. Unfortunately, the water you have coming in contains 3.5 mg/L of arsenic. An overflow valve releases water to a discharge at the same flowrate as the inlet to the tank.

Mohammed asked you to:

a) Identify the total amount of water you will have to pass through the tank to reach the standard in the tank using your pump, in gallons.

b) How long will it take to reach the final concentration before you can start to bottle and sell the water, in hours?

c) Predict what the concentration of arsenic is in the tank as a function of time, in mg/L.

After fermentation, a mixture of ethanol and water is sent to a small distillation column. At the top of the distillation column, a 95% ethanol solution at 65°C is produced at a flow rate of 3.5 kg/s. Your job is to design a double-pipe heat exchanger that will cool the 95% ethanol mixture to 40°C by using cooling water that is available at 10°C. Assume an outlet temperature of the cooling water of 55°C, and only use Schedule 40 pipe from the table below. Do not do viscosity corrections for heat transfer coefficients and the 95% ethanol solution will be pumped to the inside pipe. Assume that the heat capacity for the ethanol mixture is 2.55 kJ/kg.K and the heat capacity of the coolant is 4.18 kJ/kg.K. The density of the 95% ethanol solution is 0.804 g/mL Assume that the velocity of ethanol solution as 1 m/s as the initial guess. Check the accuracy of this calculation once you select the size of the pipe (the area should agree with the area required to achieve the desired heat transfer). The viscosity of the solution is given as 9.72 × 10–4 kg/(m · s) and the thermal conductivity is 0.175 W/(m · K).

1. Draw a schematic for the given system and define all the given information. List all assumptions. (5 points)
2. Find heat transfer required for the hot fluid. With this heat transfer required calculate the mass flow rate of coolant needed to achieve the desired outcome. (10 points)
3. Estimate the area of the pipe by assuming a velocity of 1 m/s and using the mass flowrate of ethanol solution. Find an estimated diameter. (5 points)
4. Use estimated values to find a pipe that meets the criteria using the table (schedule 40 is a requirement). (5 points)
5. With the chosen pipe, recalculate velocity for the inner pipe. (5 points)
6. Select a Schedule 40 pipe as the outer pipe and estimate the area of the annulus section and estimate the velocity of the coolant. (10 points)
7. Using the velocities find the Re number for each fluid and the corresponding convection coefficients. (10 points)
8. To finalize the design, we need the length of the pipes and number of bends. Limiting the length of the pipe to 6 m, calculate the surface areas for each of the pipes. With this areas and the corresponding convection coefficients, find the overall heat transfer coefficient, U. (10 points)
9. Determine the LMTD for your system. Use the relationship q=UA∆T_LMTD to find the necessary heat transfer area. Based on this, estimate the number of bends needed using the ratio of heat transfer area and surface area of the selected pipe for your design. (10 points)
10. What factors will be needed to provide a better design? (5 points)

In the Arc Gis software, state and briefly describe four functions of the basemap.

The Deborah number (De) is defined as follows:
De = relaxation time of the material / time scale of the process or experiment
When De<<1, the material may be described as being “liquid-like” in its response, and when
De>>1, the material may be described as “solid-like”. At intermediate values, the material may
be described as being viscoelastic, having a dual liquid (visco-) and solid (elastic) behavior.
(a) From this definition explain why at room temperature water and window glass are not
viscoelastic while a compound like silly putty is.
(b) How does the phenomenon of the glass transition temperature relate to viscoelasticity?
(c) Please give an example of a viscoelastic phenomenon that may occur during melt processing
of a polymer.

How are scientists trying to reduce impacts of black carbon?

Many people have done a reasonably good job conserving water, primarily by turning off their landscape irrigation and allowing their yards to dry up; others have not.

1. Your neighbor wants to conserve water, but does not want to stop watering altogether. They do want to try and keep their landscape green and healthy. What advice / suggestions would you offer your neighbor?

2. 2017 Update: With all of the rain we had the winter of 2017, and the snow pack at almost 180% of normal, do you think that the drought is over and we can go back to our normal water usage, or do you believe that this will be temporary, and we should continue to practice water efficiency and water conservation?

3. 2020 Update: How might the winter of 2019/2020 change your answer for question #2 above?