The dew-point temperature of a gas mixture with a molar composition of 40.0% n-hexane, 25.0% n-heptane, and 35.0% air at 1.00 atm.

In a fuel injection system small droplets are formed as the liquid jet breaks up. Assume the droplet diameter, d, is a function of the liquid density, ρ, viscosity, µ, surface tension, ϒ, the jet velocity, V, and the jet diameter D. Derive this relationship in dimensionless form.

with reference to oil and gas production expain Hindrance to Oil and Gas Flow in Pipelines

Chlorine is produced from hydrogen chloride and oxygen via the following reaction at 700K and 1bar:

4HCl_(g) +0_2(g) --> 2H₂O_(g)+2Cl_2(g)

The data for the standard for the standard Gibbs free energy and the standard heat of formation for each species in the rxn at 298.15K are given in table below.

a)Estimate the equilibrium production rate (kmol/s) for chlorine if the initial flow rate for hydrogen chloride and oxygen are 20kmol/s and 40kmol/s, respectively.Assume ideal gas condition is valid.(14m)

b)Based on part (a), propose the new equlibrium temperature if the production rate for chlorine is 6kmol/s, assuming ideal gas condition with the reaction pressure of 2bar.(5M)

c) An engineer has proposed to add 5kmol/s of chlorine into the reactor together with hydrogen chloride and oxygenduring the reaction to increase the chlorine production on part (a).Justify the feasibility of this proposal with calculation and explanation.(6m)

(Problem 4.3-3) Water at 298 K discharges from a nozzle and travels horizontally, hitting a flat, vertical wall. The nozzle has a diameter of 12 mm and the water leaves the nozzle with a flat velocity profile at a velocity of 6.0 m/s. Neglecting frictional resistance of the air on the jet, calculate the force in newtons on the wall.

Ans. –Rx = 4.059 N

Repeat Problem 4.3-3 for the same conditions except that the wall is inclined 45° to the vertical. The flow is frictionless. Assume no loss in energy. The amount of fluid splitting in each direction along the plate can be determined by using the continuity equation and a momentum balance. Calculate this flow division and the force on the wall.

Ans. m2 = 0.5774 kg/s, m3 = 0.09907 kg/s, –Rx = 2.030 N, –Ry = –2.030 N (force on wall).

The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) are important safety limits which describe the minimum and maximum volume fraction in air, respectively, that a flammable substance can burn if ignited. If the range of concentration of benzene in air in which ignition could take place is 1.4 - 8.0 vol%, what would be the corresponding temperatures for air saturated with benzene in the vapour space of a storage tank assuming a total pressure in the vapour space of 100 kPa?

What is the crystal structure with the least atomic packing factor in metal?

Explain why biological treatment processes are more susceptible to failures due to variations in flow characteristics

Consider a galvanic cell based on the following line notation at standard conditions and 298K:

Sn | Sn²⁺ || Fe³⁺ | Fe

Which of the following changes WILL NOT change the potential of the cell?
Add equal amounts of water to each half cell
Replace the Fe electrode with a Pt electrode
Increase the concentration of Sn²⁺
Decrease the concentration of Fe³⁺
Replace the Sn electrode with a Pt electrod

Consider two 50 MW power generating plants. One plant is fueled by combustion of coal, the other by solar energy. Using the concept of exergy, explain why the ecological impacts of the solar power process are lower than the coal fired process. Use words and diagrams in your answer

Thermodynamics of KNO₃Solubility & Voltaic Cells

For each of the following processes, predict the sign (+ or - ) for ?H, ?S, and ?G. Explain your answers conceptually, not with calculations.

1. The decomposition of liquid water to give gaseous oxygen and hydrogen, a process that requires a considerable amount of energy.

2. Dynamite is a mixture of nitroglycerin, C₃H₅N₃O₉, and diatomaceous earth. The explosive decomposition of nitroglycerine gives gaseous products such as water, carbon dioxide, and others; much heat is evolved.

3. The combustion of gasoline in the engine of your car, as exemplified by the combustion of octane.      2 C₈H_18(g)+ 25 O_2(g)? 16 CO_2(g)+ 18 H₂O_(g)

how can you make caffeine melt (rather than sublime). Please explain

). A 15 wt% Na2SO4 solution is fed at the rate of 12 kg/min into a miser that initially holds 100 kg of a 50-50 mixture (by weight) of Na2SO4 and water. The exit solution leaves at the rate of 10 kg/min. Assume uniform mixing, which means that the concentration of the exit solution is the same as the concentration in the mixer. (a) What is the total mass in the mixer at the end of 10 minutes? (b) What is the concentration of Na2SO4 in the mixer at the end of 10 minutes? (c) How long will it take for the mass fraction of Na2SO4 in the tank to reduce to 0.35?

A mixture of ideal gases A (propane) and B (isopropanol) exist in a vapor-liquid equilibrium in a constant temperature and pressure container. Originally, there is 1 mol A and 1 mol B. The mol fraction of A in the gas phase is 76% and 22% in the liquid phase. Gases A and B start to flow into the system at constant flow rates (at the same constant T and P). The flow rate of A is 3 mol/s. a. Calculate the flow rate of B that will fill the container within 10 minutes such that the gas mixture has the same number of moles of A in the liquid and vapor phase (nA, vapor = nA, liquid). b. Calculate the molar composition of each phase at t=0 minutes and t=10 minutes.

Using the thermo. values listed in Appendix B (pg. A 5-7) of your textbook

CO(g): deltaH:-110.5(kJ/mol) deltaG:-137.2(kJ/mol) deltaS:197.5(J/mol*K)

CO2(g): deltaH: -393.5(kJ/mol). deltaG: -394.4(kJ/mol) deltaS: 213.7(J/mol*K)

CO2(aq) deltaH:-412.9(kJ/mol) deltaG: -386.2(kJ/mol) deltaS:121

H2(g): deltaH:0. delta G: 0. delta S:130.6   

(a) Calculate deltaS°, deltaH° & deltaG° for the vaporization of methanol, CH3OH:

(b) Is this phase transition spontaneous at room temperature (show your work) ?

(c) If the phase transition is not spontaneous at room temperature, at what higher temperature will it become spontaneous (show your work) ?

(d) Exactly what is the temperature that you calculated in part (c) called ?