Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 104 g FeCl3 in 153 g water.

Calculate the boiling point of a solution above.

Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 55.2 % KCl by mass (in water).

Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 3.34 m MgF2.

Calculate the boiling point of a solution above

A 10 m³ mixture solution contains molecules A, B and C in water at ambient temperature.

Calculate:

(a) Each species mass concentration.

(b) Their molar concentration.

(c) Total mass concentration and molar concentration.

(d) Mass and mole fraction.

given:

V_mix= 10 m³

m_A= 0.3 kg , m_B= 0.5 kg , m_C= 0.4 kg , m_H2O= 9.8 kg

MW_A= 50 , MW_B= 250 , MW_C= 10 , MW_H2O= 18

Is the value of Cd a function of the fluid which is flowing through the meter? What other effect does Cd accommodate in the case of viscous fluids (in addition to viscous or friction losses)?

Find the pH of each mixture of acids.

a) 8.0×10−2 M in HNO3 and 0.175 M in HC7H5O2

b) 1.5×10⁻² M in HBr and 2.0×10⁻² M in HClO4

c) 9.0×10⁻² M in HF and 0.230 M in HC6H5O

d)0.100 M in formic acid and 4.5×10⁻² M in hypochlorous acid

A mixture of n-heptane (A) and ethyl benzene (B) is to be separated in a distillation column operated at 1 atm. The feed flowrate is 300 mol/h and contains 40 mol% n-heptane. 60 % of the feed is liquid. It is required to obtain an overhead product containing 96 mol% n-heptane and a bottom product containing 5 mol% n-heptane. Find the following:

a) The distillate and bottom flowrates

b) The minimum reflux ratio

c) The minimum number of stages

d) The number of stages at a reflux ratio of 1.5R_min

The following is the equilibrium data for n-heptane/ethyl benzene at 1 atm.

How do you mathematically derive the "2nd Law of Thermodynamics"?

in general when would one purify a material prior to feeding it to a process unit? give at least one example for each case you state

A pulp mill utilizing the saw dust from nearby lumber mills to produce a market pulp for paper production. A recent development had the company thinking of increasing the pulp production by 50% for entering the nonwoven market. A close examination at the pulp mill has the engineers to conclude that the digesters were the bottleneck. Currently, the woodchips were steamed, mixed with a pulping liquor and underwent delignification at 150°C for 3 hours. For each load of woodchips, a minimum of 2 hours is needed for loading, heating the digester up, explosive decompression unloading, and cleaning up the digester for the next load. Your task is to find a way to ease the bottleneck quickly at a low cost. State your assumptions clearly and your solution to the problem as stated.

Q1. A hydroelectric power plant uses the reaction of ethylene (?2?4) with oxygen to generate vapour. The products of this reaction are carbon dioxide and water. Additionally, the reaction produces −1323.16?? per mol of ethylene consumed. a) How much ethylene is required by the power plant if 8500 kg of steam at 120 °C is produced in an hour? (assume 100% yield) (12.5 marks) b) Recalculate your answer for a 75 % yield. (12.5 marks) Assumptions. The heat capacities of water are C?? = 4.19 kJ⁄kg°C, ??? = 1.996 ??⁄??°C, the heat of ?? vaporization for water is ∆h? = 2256.9 ⁄??, and the power plant takes water from a source at 15 °C.

Acetylene is hydrogenated to form ethane. The feed to the reactor contains 1.50 mol H2 /mol C2H2. Write the stoichiometric equation for this reaction, and then answer the following questions:

1) Calculate the stoichiometric reactant ratio of hydrogen to acetylene (mol H2 / mol C2H2).

2)Identify the limiting reactant, and then calculate the percentage by which the other reactant is in excess.

3) Calculate the extent of reaction, assuming all of the limiting reactant is consumed. Use a basis of 1 mol/sec of acetylene feed.

4) Calculate the mass feed rate of hydrogen (kg/s) required to produce 2.98x10^6 metric tons of ethane per year, assuming that all of the limiting reactant is consumed and the process operates for 24 hours a day, 300. days a year. Report your result with three significant figures.

One mole of Neon at T=298K and P=10.0 bar expands to final pressure of 1.0 bar. Calculate the final temperature, q, w, change in energy, enthalpy, eand entropy when the expansion is carried our according to the following scenarios:

A. They system is held in a heat bath that maintains constant temperature and the expansion is carried out very slowly and carefully, with the external pressure being gradually reduced from 10 bar to 1 bar.

B. The system is held in a constant-temperature bath, but the external pressure is reduced suddenly from 10 bar to 1.0 bar at the very begining and kept at 1.0 bar thereafter.

C. The system is thermally insulated and the external pressure is reduced slowly and carefully.

D. The system is thermally insulated, and expand into an evacuated container having 10 times the volume of the flask. No external pressure opposes the expansion.

A qualitative analysis of the bioreactor modes of operation, outlining their advantages and limitations.

1. batch

2. fed-batch

3. continuous mode (chemostat)

4. perfusion system

Calculate H298 and S298 for the following reactions:
a) 2TiO + ½ O2 = Ti2O3
b) 3Ti2O3 + ½ O2 = 2Ti3O5
c) Ti3O5 + ½ O2 = 3TiO2