A fictional company has been producing propene oxide, C3H6O, from propene, C3H6, with a 96.0% yield. The process requires the use of a compound called m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, C7H5O3Cl, which can be abbreviated as mCPBA. The entire reaction takes place in the solvent dichloromethane, CH2Cl2:

C3H6+C7H5O3ClCH2Cl2−−−⟶96.0% yieldC3H6O+C7H5O2Cl

The initial propene concentration in the solvent is 21.0 g/L.

Consider the prices of the following substances.

Also consider that the cost of waste disposal is $5.00 per kilogram of propene oxide produced.

Part A

A relatively simple way of estimating profit is to consider the the difference between the cost (the total spent on materials and waste disposal) and the earnings (the price at which the product can be sold).

Calculate the profit from producing 43.00 kg of propene oxide.

Express your answer numerically in dollars using three significant figures.

Alternative method

The company is developing a "greener" method of making propene oxide from propene using hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in supercritical water with a vanadium catalyst. In the reaction 1.00 kg of vanadium catalyst and 32.0 kg of water are used for each kilogram of propene. 75 % of the vanadium catalyst can be collected and reused in a subsequent batch:

C3H6+H2O2V, H2O−−−⟶89.0% yieldC3H6O+H2O

Consider the prices of the following substances.

There is virtually no waste produced with this green process and there is no waste disposal fee, but the yield is only 89.0%.

Part B

Calculate the profit from producing 43.00 kg of propene oxide by this alternative green process.

An ideal gas known as Minesium (MW=34.0) is flowing at a steady rate of 0.125 lbmol/min through a 62.5 in2 circular tube at a temperature of 185 °F and pressure of 42.0 psig. What is the velocity (ft/s) of this ideal gas? Assume Patm = 14.7 psia.

Does anybody know a good program for making diagrams like P,V and P,T etc. ?

Water at 200 Fahrenheit is pumped from a storage tank at the rate of 50 gallons/minute. The motor for the pump supplies work at the rate of 2 hp. The water goes through a heat exchanger, giving up heat at the rate of 40,000 BTU/minute(Q Net In), and is delivered to a second storage tank at an elevation 50 feet above the first tank. What is the temperature of the water delivered to the second tank?

3. The producer gas made from the coke has the following composition :
CO : 28%, CO2 : 3.5%, O2 : 0.5% and N2 : 68%.
The gas burned with such a quantity of air that the oxygen from air is 20% in excess of the net oxygen required for complete combustion. If the combustion is 98% complete, calculate the weight of the gaseous product formed. Given the oxidation reaction as below:
CO + ½ O2  CO2

how to calculate furnace oil consumption in boiler

2. In manufacture of chlorine, feed containing hydrochloric acid gas and air are fed to the reactor. The product gases leaving the reactor are found to contain 13.2% HCl, 6.3% 02, 42.9% N2, 30% Cl2 and 7.6% H2O (by weight). Calculate:
i) The percent excess air used.
ii) The composition of gases entering reactor
iii) The degree of completion of oxidation (conversion)
(Hint: Start solving by change the mass flow rate to mol flow rate first.)

A rigid, well-insulated tank contains wet steam (20:80 wt% liquid:vapor) at 200^◦C. The wet steam is withdrawn from the tank until the fluid remaining in the tank is at 150^◦C. The process is carried out slowly such that internal gradients are negligible inside the tank. Determine at the end of this process:

(a) The pressure in the tank.

(b) The mass fraction of vapor and liquid in the tank.

(c) The fraction of total water (liquid and vapor) present initially that was withdrawn.

These questions are referring to a Suzuki Cross Coupling Reaction. We turned phenylboronic acid to 1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol with p-iodophenol, K2Co3, Pd/C, H2O.

1. Pd/C is used as a catalyst in this reaction. Is this catalyst considered homogenous, or heterogeneous? Explain?

2. We call this reaction green. What does that term mean, and in which way can we say that the process is green? Explain briefly by using the exact conditions in this process, such as solvent, and catalyst.

3. Which reaction is finding place in step 15, upon addition of acid to the post-reaction mixture? Show the reaction schemes.

4. When we acquire the IR spectrum of the product in step 24, we use a nujol mull. Why do we not simply use dicholoromethane as is usually done with salt plate?

Why do we measure temperatures at the evaporator rather than the suction pressure?

In a plant, a particular reactor produces methyl formate from carbon monoxide and methanol using a zeolite catalyst. The reactor operates at 40 bar and 100 C.

What safety instruments should be installed to either eliminate or mitigate potential hazards?
Discuss how preventive maintenance helps us eliminate potential hazards.
What PPE should the operators wear as a precautionary measure?

The chlorination of ethane proceeds as follows:

C₂H_6(g) + Cl_2(g) --> C₂H₅Cl_(g) + HCl_(g)

However, some of the formed chloroethane further reacts with excess chlorine in an undesired side reaction:

C₂H₅Cl_(g) + Cl_2(g) --> C₂H₄Cl_2(g) + HCl_(g)

If only C₂H₆ and Cl₂ are in the feed stream, determine their feed ratio (mol C₂H₆/mol Cl₂) and the % yield of C₂H₅Cl given that the fractional conversion of C₂H₆ is 0.350 and the selectivity is 12. All chlorine is consumed in the reaction (i.e., no Cl₂ in the product stream). Use the extent of reaction method for your solution.

a. What is meant by countercurrent operation?

b. Why is a packed bed absorption column column operated countercurrently?

c. How would the performance change if the column was operated cocurrently?