How do you perform adiabatic flash calculations?

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Thomas Burnet’s 1684 book “The Theory of the Earth”?
A. Time was not constant, as suggested by Sir Isaac Newton
B. The water for Noah’s flood came from within the Earth
C. The Earth would end up as a star after the Day of Judgement
D. It encouraged an allegorical interpretation of Genesis

A water tower is being used to provide water to a subdivision. To ensure that it provides sufficient water pressure for the homes, fire hydrants, etc., it is built on top of a hill that, at an elevation 69.40 ft higher than the subdivision, hhill. The water in the tank is 55.70 ft deep, hwater, and the tower upon which it sits is 70.40 ft tall (htower), as shown in the figure below. The 12.200 in (inner diameter) pipe that conveys the water to the subdivision can be considered to have an effective length of 2.3600 mi, for the purposes of calculating friction losses. Friction loss can be assumed to vary with pipe velocity, v, by the following equation: ℱ = 0.01 L v2 / D What is the absolute pressure for the water delivered to the subdivision if the flow rate is to be 91,600 gph gallons per hour? (You can assume that the tank is open to the atmosphere and is kept completely full with water pumped into it from a nearby spring.)

choose one potential weapon from one of the chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) categories (i.e. you could select Tularemia, which could be a potential biological weapon). Write in your own words your assessment of your selected potential weapon's characteristics, accessibility, consequences of terrorists using that weapon based in researched facts. Please provide any support information required.

A fuel gas containing methane and ethane is burned with air in a furnace, producing a stack gas at 300 ° C and 105 kPa (absolute). You analyze the stack gas and find that it contains no unburned hydrocarbons, oxygen, or carbon monoxide. You also determine the dew-point temperature.

(a) Estimate the range of possible dew-point temperatures by determining the dew points when the feed is either pure methane or pure ethane.

(b) Estimate the fraction of the feed that is methane if the measured dew-point temperature is 59.5 ° C.

(c) What range of measured dew point temperatures would lead to calculated methane mole fractions within 5% of the value determined in Part (b)?

Problem 2: Theory

a. What are the factors that contribute to gaussian lineshape broadening in spectroscopy?

b. Is it possible to do XRD of a gold sample with a carbon Mα radiation?

c. What is the probing depth of a common lab XPS?

d. Write down the basic equation for photoemission from a solid, and explain the meaning of the terms.

e. What are the main differences between SEM and TEM? Enumerate at least three.

f. What is a fractal and why we can obtain fractal structures in the flame synthesis?

Chloride reacts with propylene to form allyl chloride (C3H5Cl) and dicholopropane (C3H6Cl2) according to the following reactions: The product gases contain 141 mol Cl2, 651 mol C3H6, 4.6 mol C3H5Cl, 24.5 mol C3H6Cl2 and 4.6 mol HCl. a) How much chloride and propylene were fed to the reactor? b) What is the limiting reactant? c) What is the excess percentage? d) What is the fractional conversion of Cl2? e) What was the selectivity of C3H5Cl relative to C3H6Cl2? f) What was the ratio of C3H5Cl produced expressed in grams to the grams of C3H6 fed to the reactor?

In feudal Japan, leather tanners were. Japan’s equivalent of ‘untouchables’ (lower status in the Japanese caste system than even farmers).

A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p₁ = 1 bar, T₁ = 300 K. The system undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes:

Process 1–2: Constant volume to p₂ = 2 bar.
Process 2–3: Expansion with pv^1.4 = constant.
Process 3–1: Constant-pressure compression.

Assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, calculate thermal efficiency.

1. Water vapor goes into a diffuser at steady state, with inlet conditions of 800 kPa, 200°C and velocity of 400 m/s. Superheated steam leaves the outlet at 2 MPa and velocity of

   2
   100 m/s. The inlet area of the diffuser is 14 cm . The system loses heat at the rate of 25 kJ/s

   to the surroundings. Neglect changes in potential energy between the inlet and outlet.

   1. What is the mass flow rate of the water vapor, in kg/s?

   2. What is the specific enthalpy of superheated steam leaving the diffuser, in kJ/kg?

   3. Estimate the temperature of the superheated steam at the outlet, in °C.

      (No linear interpolation, just give the nearest temperature value).

For this case study, you ideally will need to recruit a healthy adult competitive athlete. This person can be a recreational sports athlete, college athlete, or other type of active athlete. Alternatively, you can even use yourself. Note that this is just an academic exercise, so the person you are working with does not need to follow the program.

Go through Steps 1 to 8 from Unit 17, provided below, and develop nutritional guidepnes for your subject, dependent on the season that he/she is in. Then provide a discussion as to why you made your recommendations.

Show all calculations that may apply, using the methods in the course textbook related to the Steps. Make note of the person’s age, gender, sport, and athletic season.

Step 1: Determine body composition.

Step 2: Determine daily caloric expenditure range for training days and non-training days and for competition days.

Step 3: Determine the bioenergetics the sport primarily demands for peak athletic performance; Athlete- Type; Anaerobic - Immediate Energy System; Anaerobic Glycolytic; Anaerobic Glycolytic - Oxidative Glycolytic; and Oxidative. Some examples of sports are included below.

Step 4: Determine daily protein intake estimate and the foods and supplements to achieve it. Remember from your lessons that protein requirements can differ among different Athlete-Types and among individual athletes. This gives a scientific reason for making protein intake a priority for sports nutrition programs, in addition to other factors.

Step 5: Determine daily carbohydrate estimate and the foods and supplements to achieve it. Remember to plan for carbohydrate beverage intake before, during, and after practice and for sport events as appropriate. Modulate carbohydrate type and amount with meals and snacks to meet specific nutrition goals.

Step 6: Determine fat (essential fatty acids) intake estimate and plan, and select foods and cooking methods to achieve it. Keeping fat intake under 30 percent of total daily calories will be an ongoing skill to master. For certain sports, maintaining low fat intake during the season—between 15 and 20 percent of total daily calories—can be challenging and requires extra effort to make sure athletes are ingesting adequate amounts of the essential fatty acids: pnoleic and alpha-pnolenic acids. Add healthy sources of essential fatty acids in addition to EPA and DHA as required for health.

Step 7: Maintain proper fluid intake estimate to meet daily requirements, as determined by amount of physical activity, environmental factors, and specific athletic training, performance, and health needs.

Step 8: Determine the needs for using special sports nutrition and dietary supplement products.

Air undergoes a polytropic process in a piston–cylinder assembly from p1 = 1 bar, T1 = 295 K to p2 = 3 bar. The air is modeled as an ideal gas and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. For a polytropic exponent of 1.6, determine the work and heat transfer, each in kJ per kg of air, (1) assuming constant cv evaluated at 300 K. (2) assuming variable specific heats.