Question

The primary job of mitosis is to ensure that the two copies of DNA produced during replication are distributed evenly to each of the two daughter cells during cell division. Describe how each of the following helps the cell to accomplish this task. (Do not simply list structures or stages)

Chromosome condensation

Disassembly of the nuclear membrane

Reorganization of the microtubule skeleton

Motor proteins

Contractile ring of actin

Answer 1

Mitosis is a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. During cell division, mitosis refers specifically to the separation of the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus to ensure equal amout of genetic material to be distributed.

Mitosis is conventionally divided into five stages known as prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

1- Chormosome condensed to give a definite concrete shape and not as it is previously untangeled and extensively distributed. It is now easy to separate chromosome. Chromosome are seen to be composed of two chromatid attached together at centromere.

2- The complete disintegration of the nuclear membrane marks the start of second phase of mitosis. Hence the chromose are spread through the cytoplasm of the cell

3- Microtubule play an important role in moving chromosome to opposite pole .Microtubule are composed of tubulin protein

4- motor proteins are molecular machine that utilises energy of ATP hydrolysis to move along microtubules.

5- Contractile Ring is formed of overlapping array of actin /myosin protein. The ring which is responsible for cytokinesis become smaller and smaller contracting itself finally dividing the cell's cytoplasm into two separate domains.

This is how DNA produced during the replication are distributed evenly