Question

a. Compare osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with respect to pathophysiology, common joints affected, and characteristics of pain.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are two of the most common musculoskeletal conditions affecting into 12 across the United States. Distinguished by cordless degeneration and Bony growth, osteoarthritis affects approximately 13.9% of adults who are 25 years of age and above.

The incidence of osteoarthritis Rises with age with estimates that osteoarthritis affects 12.4 million adults

Rheumatoid arthritis unlike osteoarthritis is an autoimmune condition characterized by information, usually in bilateral joints and systemic features such as fatigue or fever.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

Although the primary manifestations of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis involve the joints, the underlying pathophysiology of each condition is distinct.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage regeneration::

Normally cartilage undergoes a remoulding process stimulated by joint movement are used. In osteoarthritis this process is either by combination of mechanical, in osteoarthritis this process is either by combination of mechanical cellular and biochemical process, resulting in reparation of cartilage and an increase in cartilage degradation.

Osteoarthritis primarly characterized by progressive cartilage loss, accomplish buy an increase thickness of the subchondral plate osteophytes and subchondral bone cyst. Skin disease progression vascular Innovation and further classification of nearby articular cartilage may occur leading to decrease thickness of articular cartilage and over time bone remodeling and enhance cartilage deterioration. The information that occurs typically involves the periarticular dishes and is generally milder in BRD compared to osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is associated with specific risk factors including age, joint trauma, joint injury and trauma, prolonged stress Gandhi joint from sports activities and joint overactivity can increase and individuals risk overtime. Obesity increases the risk of osteoarthritis particularly in the weight bearing joints.

With the growing number of both overweight and obese individuals the incidence of osteoarthritis and the number of hip and knee replacements is rising. Genetics may also contribute to an increased risk.

Joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis:

Unlike the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis which is largely mechanical, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease.

The initial crackers of osteoarthritis are unclear, hormones, genetic s, environmental factors may all play a role.

One of the initial immune response is triggered, cells of the immune system produce auto antibiotics and informatory cytokinesis, creating a packet of information resulting in the formation of pannus; the pannus invades and destroys cartilage and bone.

Additional joint damage and systemic complications and ensue, resulting resulting from a complex process of inflammatory mediators being released in the affected joint.

Many factors impact the risk of developing osteoarthritis. The risk of developing osteoarthritis Doubles with a first degree relative who has rheumatoid arthritis. There is also a hormonal relationship: it is common in females, and there are high rates of disease onset associated with pregnancy.

The impact of environmental stressors, especially smoking and chemical exposure on genes is thought to drive the processes that induce autoimmune reactions leading up to the information seen in osteoarthritis.

Research estimates that the history of smoking can increase the relative risk of osteoarthritis answered more than twofold. Especially in individuals who are positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies , smoking isis the strongest risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis.

SYMPTOMS:

Many of the basic symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are the same including

*Painful, stiff joints.

*Limited range of motion.

*Warmth or tenderness in the affected area.

*Increased intensity of symptoms first thing in the morning.