Question

Criminology managing criminal justice organization book

Explain the different types of division of labor; also explain span of control.

Answer 1

The first type of labor identified by Comte is found where individuals, increasingly isolated by their more specialized tasks, lose any sense of being integral parts of some larger whole. This reflects a lack of mutual adjustment among the parts of the social organism which Durkheim called the anomic division of labor.

Durkheim clearly overstated in his second type, the role of repressive law relative to the institutions of interdependence and reciprocity (e.g., kinship, religious ritual, economic and political alliance, etc.) in primitive societies.

Durkheim's third pathological form of the division of labor arose from his observation that the functions of an organism can become more active only on the condition that they also become more continuous one organ can do more only if the other organs do more, and vice versa. This continuity was lacking, the functional activity of the specialized parts decreases, resulting in wasted effort and loss of productive capacity.

The concept of span of control was developed in the United Kingdom in 1922 by Sir Ian Hamilton.

It is used more commonly in business management, particularly human resource management. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has.