Question

topic :- the search and cause (criminal justice )

Describe the biosocial perspective and explain what this perspective considers most important to understanding behavior. Include a discussion of the gender ratio problem and explain why this is not a problem for biosocial theories of crime.

Answer 1

Biosocial perspective is the study of trait or specific characterisitics of a person interacting with environment. It is divided into neuroscience, evolutionary psychology and behavior genetics. It is included in the behavior genetics perspective. Genes are influenced by the environment in which a person is living. Genes are expressed or silenced according to the stimulus from the environment like stress, ultra or infra red light entering a cell. These environmental and genetic traits are influenced by the heritability in an organism. Criminal behavior is influenced by both of these factors. The analysis of twins with similar hobbies or profession can be considered to be a an example of biosocial theory. Another example of the gender ratio model includes the analysis of testosterone and serum binding protein globulin. It is mentioned in the Urdy sociological model. During puberty and maturation the levels of testosterone rise and levels of serum binding protein globulin fall in blood. The ratio of testosterone/ serum binding protein globulin level increase explains the example of antisocial behavior. The behavior of humans was studied by analysing the ratio levels of dopamine/serotonin in the blood. The prefrontal and subcortical ratios were calculated which analysed the intensity of aggressive or violent behavior in humans. Males are more aggressive as compared to females. Evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory (ENA) explains the behavior of criminals involved in violent behavior in the society. Females look for a wider and bigger choice when choosing mating partners with mating preferences as compared to males. This leads to the parental preferences and development of the child in the next generation. It is included in the example of neuroandrogenic principles. Testosterone levels affects brain functioning and controls the behavior in males. Victimising behavior is aroused in the brain at three different levels namely suboptimal arousal, limbic psychotic control leading to seizures during criminal or victimizing activity, and less neocortical functioning in the left hemisphere as compared to the right hemisphere in brain. There are three kinds of body forms called as ectomorphs, endomorphs and mesomorphs.Mesomorphic males are more prone to committing crime with exposure to more muscles in their body. Mesomorphs are muscular, ectomorphs are thin and endomorphs are overweight. The levels of cortisol, glucose, heart pulse rate and response also change according to the environment in which a person is present. This is a gender-ratio problem.