Question

what is the etiology of bronchiectasis? In a well detailed explanation, please

Answer 1

Broncheictasis is a chronic lung condition,in which the bronchial tube get permanantly damaged ,widen and thickened.

The causes or etilogy of broncheictasis are:

▪Infections

Infections like whooping cough measles, tuberculosis,pneumonia , human immunodeficiency virus , fungal infections ( aspergillosis) leads to airway damage and secretion of mucus.

Allergic bronchpulmonary aspergillosis is a condition which is developed in people who are allergic to aspergillosis,l. This also cause broncheitasis.

▪Immune dysfunction

Immunoglobulin deficiencies, granulomatous causes bronchiectasis. Deficiency of immunoglobulines leads to pulmonary infeactions and it ends up with broncheicatasis.

▪ Cystic fibrosis

Common cause for bronchiectasis. Cystic fibrosis causes building up of mucus in the air way lead to airway blockade and inflamation.

▪Alpha 1 antitrypsine deficiency

Lower level of alpha 1 antitrypsin in plasma and alveolar leads to pulmonary infections commonly bronchiectasis,copd as these protiens have protein effect in lungs.

▪Cilia abnormalities

Cilia are hair like stuctures which present on the surface of airway lining. These protect the airway lining and remove excess mucus. Abnormalities in cilia function cause accumulation of mucus leading to bronchiectasis .

▪Connective tissue diseases

These include rheumatiod arthritis, crohns disease, ulcerative colitis. Some times conditions that cause inflamation in other parts also cause bronchiectasis. This is because of the immune system, they mistakenly attack other healthy cells in the body.

▪Aspiration

Content of stomach accidently reach the lungs. This can produce inflamation to the lungs causing bronchietasis.

▪ Air way obstruction

It can be caused by a tumor or any foreign body . This produce inflamation to lungs

▪Smoking

Smoking can worsen pulmonary function and progress the disease which already present.