Question

A well-detailed explanation of both local and global policies that regulate the control and prevention of gestational diabetes among pregnant women in China.

Answer 1

As a result of improved living standards there has been an increase in the case of gestational diabetes mellitus. China has more cases of increaseed gestational diabetes mellitus. This increase is also in in an alarming rate.it was found that low glycaemic index (GI) diets, low glycaemic load (GL) diets and fibre‐enriched diets were associated with a reduction in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour plasma glucose and HbA1c, and improved neonatal outcomes. Low GL diets were associated with reduced caesarean section risk. In Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus low GI diets, low GL diets and fibre‐enriched diets were associated with improved glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes.Meal or fibre supplement provided by researchers with dietary intake assessment was rated as low risk of bias in dietary intervention compliance. Weekly or fortnightly regular telephone or face‐to‐face dietary review by dietitians, and dietitian‐initiated intervention if necessary, were also rated as low risk of bias in the compliance domain.

Dietary intervention	Description
Individualised dietary intervention	Individualised dietary advice and meal plans according to the calculation of daily energy requirement and macronutrient composition distribution from individual anthropometry information. Small frequent meals are recommended
Food exchange education of all food groups	Serving sizes needed in all food groups are calculated according to recommended daily energy intake and macronutrient composition. Spread required serving sizes throughout the day. Use of food exchange table to decide food type and quantity. One serving size of food is 377 kJ or 90.1 kcal in studies which have specifically defined serving sizes60
Low GI diet	GI is a measurement of carbohydrate quality of a food relative to the same quantities of carbohydrate in the reference food. Choosing lower GI category food within the same food group. Low GI food has GI less than 55. Medium and high GI foods are defined as having GI between 55–75 and greater than 75, respectively38
Low GL diet	GL is an extended concept of GI with consideration of the amount of carbohydrate in particular foods. Choosing lower GL food in one serving size within the same food group in the food exchange table. GL is calculated by GI and carbohydrate content in the food38
Fibre‐enriched diet	Increase fibre intake by replacing a proportion of refined rice with buckwheat or wheat bran supplementation
DASH diet	Diet abundant in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy