Question

1) For the following hypothetical changes in astronomical bodies answer whether the change would make the specified property Larger, Smaller, or Not Changed.

If the radius of the Earth were larger, the force of gravity on objects on its surface would be .....
Larger Smaller Not Changed  

If the mass of the Sun were half as much and the Earth kept the same distance, the period of the Earth's orbit would be .....
Larger Smaller Not Changed  

If the mass of an object dropped on the surface of the Moon were increased, the acceleration of the object would be .....
Larger Smaller Not Changed

If the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere of a planet is increased the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the surface will be ....
Larger Smaller Not Changed  

If the mass of Mars were greater, the acceleration due to gravity on its surface would be .....
Larger Smaller Not Changed  

If the distance between two planets is increased, the force of gravity is .....

2)

Classify the following statements as True or False based on the Nebular Theory for Solar System formation.
True /False  Rocky, metallic materials as well as volatile materials (He and H compounds) collected into planets near the Sun where the cloud is hot.
True/ False  Material for the planets was left over from the formation of the Sun.
True /False  Most of the thermal energy which started fusion reactions in the Sun originated as thermal energy in the large, hot dark nebula.

Answer 1

If the radius of the Earth were larger, the force of gravity on objects on its surface would be .smaller

since force depends inversly on the radius. so larger radius , smaller force

If the mass of the Sun were half as much and the Earth kept the same distance, the period of the larger

from Kepler's law :

T² = (4²/GM) r³    ,   if M is decreased , T will increase

If the mass of an object dropped on the surface of the Moon were increased, the acceleration of the object would be ..not changed...

acceleration is independent on the mass of object being dropped

If the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere of a planet is increased the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the surface will be ...smaller

since ozone layer blocks the ultravoilet light.

If the mass of Mars were greater, the acceleration due to gravity on its surface would be ..greater...

since g = GM/r²

if the distance between two planets is increased, the force of gravity is .decreases....

since F depends on 1/r²