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Courses Name: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology BIOL 102

***Please i need more than 500 words ..

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

Q) Choose any system of the human body and prepare a response to the following questions in 1-2 pages:

1. Introduction(Explain the system with the components)
2. Body(Explain how the system relates to achieve homeostasis in human body)
3. Conclusion( Choose any disease common in KSA and explain how and which part of the system is affected)

***Please i need more than 500 words ..

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

Answer 1

1.INTRODUCTION

The cardiovascular system is the system of heart and blood vessels that circulates blood throughout body.The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting nutrients and removing gaseous waste from the body.The main components of cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels.

1) HEART

This muscle produces electrical impulses through a process called cardiac conduction. These impulses cause the heart to contract and then relax, producing what is known as a heart beat. The beating of the heart drives the cardiac cycle which pumps blood to cells and tissues of the body.

The heart is usually situated in the middle of the thorax with the largest part of the heart slightly offset to the left underneath the breastbone or sternum and is surrounded by the lungs.

· The sac enclosing the heart is known as the pericardium. ·

· The right side of the heart is the pulmonary circuit pump. The left side of the heart is the systemic circuit pump.

· Right Atrium: It collects deoxygenated blood returning from the body (through the vena cava) and then forces it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. ·

· Left Atrium: It collects oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and then forces it into the left ventricle through the mitral valve. The atrioventricular (AV) valves (Mitral & Tricuspid Valves) prevent flow from the ventricles back into the atria. ·

· Right Ventricle: It collects deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and then forces it into the lungs through the pulmonary valve. ·

· Left Ventricle: It is the largest and the strongest chamber in the heart. It pushes blood through the aortic valve and into the body. · The pulmonary and aortic valves prevent back flow from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle and from the aorta into the left ventricle.

· The myocardium contains specialized muscle cells that constitute the conducting system of the heart, initiating the cardiac action potentials and speeding their spread through the heart.

· Aorta: It is the largest artery and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

· Superior Vena Cava: Deoxygenated blood from the upper parts of the body returns to the heart through the superior vena cava.

· Inferior Vena Cava: Deoxygenated blood from the lower parts of the body returns to the heart through the inferior vena cava.

· Pulmonary Veins: They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

· Pulmonary Arteries: They carry blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

2)Blood Vessels

Blood vessels are networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. Blood travels from the heart via arteries to smaller arterioles, then to capillaries or sinusoids, to venules, to veins and back to the heart. Through the process of microcirculation, substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the blood and the fluid that surrounds cells.

2.BODY(How it maintain homeostasis)

The circulatory system supplies the body's tissues with oxygen-rich blood and important nutrients. In addition to removing gaseous waste (like CO2), the circulatory system also transports blood to organs (such as the liver and kidneys) to remove harmful substances. This system aids in cell-to-cell communication and homeostasis by transporting hormones and signal messages between the different cells and organ systems of the body. The circulatory system transports blood along pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary circuit involves the path of circulation between the heart and the lungs. The systemic circuit involves the path of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body. The aorta distributes oxygen rich blood to the various regions of the body.

3.CONCLUSION

The Coronary artery disease and atheroscleros are the main cardiovascular disease in KSA.  obese and physical inactive, unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the main factors for disease. Risk factors are hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus.