Water is discharged from a pipe outlet at a rate of 60l/s at 120.8 kPa absolute pressure. All pipes are 15 cm in diameter with a total length of 200 m. The total pipe length on the suction side is 10.8 m. Both reservoirs are big. The water surfaces are exposed to the atmosphere and the difference in their levels is 9 m.

Pipeline friction head loss is 0.086 m per meter length of pipe. On the suction side, fitting loss is 1.3 m while on the delivery side, fitting loss varies with the square of the velocity with K = 1.0.

a) Find the height of the water level above the pipe outlet in the receiving reservoir (m).

b) Find the total head loss of the system (m).

c) What is the hydraulic power (kW)?

d) The water to be pumped has a vapour pressure of 2335 N/m². The cavitation parameter, s = 0.12. Find the maximum pump height possible above the surface of the water in the supply reservoir (Show clearly the calculation of all heads involved).]

(Atmospheric pressure = 101.3 kPa).

The stream function ?? in a two-dimensional flow field is given as ?? = 4?? − 3?? + 7???? (a) Prove that this flow field is irrotational and that it satisfies the continuity equation. (b) Find the potential flow function Ф(??, ??) for this flow field with boundary condition Ф = 0 at x = 2, y = 1.

Why are the tolerance characteristics categorized as forced
fitting and loose can't represent shape and position tolerance?

1. Control charts are usually expressed in terms of average values ​​and their dispersion.
Give an explanation (and the reason) about the condition of a production system that is
stated in the control chart

2. From the results of the control chart analysis, how to determine the correlation between
changes in product quality conditions for the causes?

2. Surface roughness of a machining product is an important factor
determine the quality of geometry. Explain the following:
a. Explain how the surface roughness measurement tool works!
b. Explain the concept of measuring surface roughness!
c. How are the surface measurements results stated (written down)?

1. Consider a case in which you have a material that support a certain stress at 75^oC and you have several candidate polymers for which you need to determine the Tg using DSC or DMA(both of these are in your lab). Which technique would you select? Please provide a basis for your selection in terms of how the type of information it provides (based on how it works) and how/why it would be best suited for this application.

At the beginning of compression of an ideal Diesel cycle the gas has a temperature and pressure of 40⁰C and 90 kN/m², respectively. The volume ratio of compression is 16:1. The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1400⁰C. Determine, for the cycle,

1. the pressure and temperature at each of the cycle process change points,                            [8]
2. the work done/kg gas,                                                                                                                           [4]
3. the thermal efficiency,                                                                                                                           [4]
4. the work ratio,                                                                                                                                         [3]
5. the mean effective pressure,                                                                                                                [3]
6. the Carnot efficiency within the cycle temperature limits.                                                           [3]

Take, γ=1.4 , cp = 1.004 kJ/kg K.

One kilogram of air is taken through a constant volume cycle. At the commencement of the adiabatic compression, the pressure and temperature are 103 kN/m² and 100⁰C respectively. The adiabatic compression has a volume ratio of 6:1. The maximum pressure of the cycle is 3.45 MN/m². Determine, for the cycle,

1. the pressure, volume and temperature at each of the cycle process change points,                [8]
2. the heat transferred to the air,                                                                                                            [3]
3. the heat rejected by the air,                                                                                                                 [3]
4. the ideal thermal efficiency,                                                                                                                 [4]
5. cyclic work                                                                                                                                                 [4]
6. the mean effective pressure.                                                                                                               [3]

For the air, take, R = 0.287 kJ/kg K, γ=1.4

A cooling plant adopted a two-stage cascade refrigeration system to meet the required cooling load. In both upper and lower cycles, the refrigerant leaves condenser as saturated liquid and enters compressor as saturated vapor. The isentropic efficiency of the upper cycle compressor is 80 %, while the lower cycle compressor is 70% efficient. The pressure limits of the upper and lower cycles are 1 MPa and 0.2 MPa with refrigerant-134a, respectively. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where the lower cycle enters about at 0.5 MPa and the upper cycle enter about at 0.32MPa. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant in the upper cycle is 0.28 kg/s, determine
i. the mass flow rate of the refrigerant in the lower cycle

ii. the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input into the compressors
iii. the COP of the refrigerator,

Evaluate the proportion of the heat of fuel carried away by the flue gases for the following data: Coal with Calorific Value of 30 MJ/kg has composition by mass as follow: C= 78%, H=5%, 0,=8%, S=2%, N₂=2% and the remaining is ash. The coal is burnt in the furnace with 50% excess air. The flue gases leaving the chimney at 327°C and the atmospheric temperature is at 15 °C. Assume perfect combustion. Specific heat for dry product (C_p) is 1045J/kg. Heat is carried away per kilogram of moisture in the flue gas is 3000kJ/kg. The composition of air by mass is as follow: 0₂ = 23% and N₂= 77 %.
(20 marks, C5)

A cooling plant adopted a two-stage cascade refrigeration system to meet the required cooling load. In both upper and lower cycles, the refrigerant leaves condenser as saturated liquid and enters compressor as saturated vapor. The isentropic efficiency of the upper cycle compressor is 80 %, while the lower cycle compressor is 70% efficient. The pressure limits of the upper and lower cycles are 1 MPa and 0.2 MPa with refrigerant-134a, respectively. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where the lower cycle enters about at 0.5 MPa and the upper cycle enter about at 0.32MPa. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant in the upper cycle is 0.28 kg/s, determine

i. the mass flow rate of the refrigerant in the lower cycle

ii. the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input into the compressors

iii. the COP of the refrigerator

Evaluate the proportion of the heat of fuel carried away by the flue gases for the following data: Coal with Calorific Value of 30 MJ/kg has composition by mass as follow: C= 78%, H=5%, 02,=8%, S=2%, N2=2% and the remaining is ash. The coal is burnt in the furnace with 50% excess air. The flue gases leaving the chimney at 327°C and the atmospheric temperature is at 15 °C. Assume perfect combustion. Specific heat for dry product (Cp) is 1045J/kg. Heat is carried away per kilogram of moisture in the flue gas is 3000kJ/kg. The composition of air by mass is as follow: 02 = 23% and N2= 77 %.

Taichung thermal power station wants to change their steam generator with a new steam generator that has a better efficiency. The existing steam generator operating with Rankine cycle with reheat and has a thermal efficiency of 30%. Taichung thermal power station has been offered by Patron Company that supplies new steam generators that are more environmentally friendly. The specifications of the new steam generator are as follow: maximum pressure is 15MPa, minimum pressure is 10kPa Temperature entering the turbine is 500°C. Isentropic efficiency of the pump is 85%

Taichung thermal power station wants the new steam generator to have vapor content of the steam to exceed 90% and the steam mass flow rate is 12kg/s. Evaluate: i. the pressure at which the reheat cycles takes place (12 marks, C5) H. the total rate of heat in the boiler (4 marks, C5) Hi. Does the new steam generator have higher thermal efficiency of the cycle than the current generator? Justify your answer.

In an ideal standard dual cycle, the pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression are 1 bar and 47°C, respectively. The heat supplied in the cycle is 1250kJ/kg, two third of this heat is being added at constant volume and the remaining heat is added at constant pressure. If the compression ratio is 16, determine

i. the maximum temperature in cycle

ii. thermal efficiency of the cycle

iii. the mean effective pressure

A tractor is pulling a drawbar tillage implement at a ground speed of 1.6 m/s. The total rear axle static load is 35 kN, the wheelslip is 0.1, and the value of mobility number for the particular tyre and soil is 2.84. The driving tyre radius is 0.6 m, and the engine speed is 2100 rpm, and the overall gear transmission mechanical efficiency is 79%.

• Calculate the drawbar pull, drawbar power and the tractive efficiency

• Calculate the wheel axle power

• Calculate the overall transmission ratio

• Calculate the engine power

• Calculate the engine torque.