In a table, compare the vertical and horizontal centrifugal casting processes. What is the good and bad about each type? What products can be made by each?

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Question-4 (40%)

A 75-hp (shaft output) motor that has an efficiency of 91.0 percent is worn out and is to be replaced by a high efficiency motor that has an efficiency of 95.4 percent. The motor operates 4368 hours a year at a load factor of 0.75. Taking the cost of electricity to be $0.12/kWh, determine:

a) the amount of energy (kWh/year) and money ($/year) saved as a result of installing the high-efficiency motor instead of the standard motor. (20 points)

b) the simple payback period (in months) if the purchase prices of the standard and high-efficiency motors are $5449 and $5520, respectively. (10 points)

c) If the life of the motor is 2 years, is it cost effective to buy 91.0% efficiency motor or 95.4% efficiency motor? Explain. (10 points)

For a homogenous surface ?0 is a constant and, therefore, it would be expected that the same value for ?0 would result for further measurements. However, in this measurement set-up different values of ?0 would be observed for different wind directions. Can you guess what might be the reason for that? Explain your thinking.

A pair of bevel gears has the velocity ratio equal to (1.5). The driven gear
has 20 teeth of (15.71) circular pitch and runs at 600 r.p.m. Calculate accurately
all dimensions and make working drawing showing the gears engaged. The shaft
diameters of driver and driven gears are 30 mm and 25 mm respectively.
Additionally, make the hub diameter equal to (1.7) from the shaft diameter.
Backing for driver and driven are 28 mm and 22 mm respectively

The ocean heats during the day by absorbing sunlight and then cools at night by emitting infrared radiation. Over 12 hours of daylight, you can assume the average energy input to the ocean is 700 W/m². How hot must the ocean surface be to re-radiate that energy every day?

Note: although there is some dispute based on technical considerations we're not going to discuss here, the hottest surface temperature ever recorded on Earth was in Furnace Creek Ranch, Death Valley, California in 1913 of 330 K (56.7 C). If your answer is exceeding that, think about the problem again and redo the calculation.

i. Assuming you are new engineer working in R & D division at manufacturing company which has decided to evaluate CAD/CAM system to adopt in your company in order to meet Industrial 4.0. (Select your company such plastic moulding, automotive, aerospace, marine etc). The company are required yourself to outline executive report for them to decided which suitable CAD/CAM system can be selected. Your report must discuss the suitable CAD/CAM system by referring to current trend which available can be accessed in the journals, articles, books, market/industrial report etc.

Q. No.1A regenerative Rankine cycle operates with superheat, 2 stages of expansion and one open feed heater. The cycle parameters are:  Boiler exit pressure 100 bar  Super heater exit temperature 600°C  Condenser pressure 0.1 bar  Turbine isentropic efficiency 100% Assume that the feed pump work can be neglected.

i. Determine the optimal inter-stage pressure by selecting the nearest value from the Saturated Water and Steam tables. i.e. do not interpolated between tabulated values. [2 marks]

ii. Sketch the feed heater layout, indicating the fluid streams entering and leaving the feed heater, undertake and energy balance on the feed heater and hence calculate the fraction of steam bled from the turbine. [2 marks]

iii. Calculate the plants thermal efficiency and its specific steam consumption.

iv. State clearly the thermodynamic reasons for the difference in performance between this cycle and similar cycle using a closed feed heater if the closed feed heater operated according the assumptions. What is the disadvantage of using an open feed heater? [2 marks]

v. Draw a schematic diagram of the plant layout and the associated thermodynamic cycle on a T-s diagram.

Given an ideal steam regenerative cycle in which steam enters the turbine at 3.0 MPa, 400 oC, and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.8 MPa for an open feedwater heater. The feedwater leaves the heater as saturated liquid. The net power is 45 MW. Assume any missing data. Draw a neat sketch for the cycle flow diagram showing all states

. Draw the T-s diagram.

Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Calculate the steam mass flow rate (in kg/s).

Calculate the total power to the two pumps.

Calculate the mass flow rate of the cooling water in the condenser if its temperature rise is 9 oC.

Q1: Classify and find the general solution of the following differential equations: dy 1. x+ y-In x = 0 dx 2. y" - y' +y = 2 sin 3x.

The logarithmic wind profile assumes horizontal homogeneity and temporal stationarity. Give two examples how those assumptions might be violated here.

Problem 2: In Multi-Effects Desalination (MED) system composed of 4 effects, and 3 feed preheaters and down condenser. List the following: a- The mass balance in the evaporator, feed preheater and down condenser b- The energy balance in the evaporator, feed preheater and down condenser c- The Material balance in the first effect d- The temperature profile of the feed if the intake temperature is 25ºC and temperature of last effect is 40ºC and the temperature of first effect is 60ºC e- What will happen to the transfer area of the evaporator if the motive steam temperature is increased to 100ºC where the rest is remaining constants.

A refrigerator using R-12 as the working fluid

keeps the refrigerated space at 2158C in an environment at

308C. You are asked to redesign this refrigerator by replacing

R-12 with the ozone-friendly R-134a. What changes in the

pressure levels would you suggest in the new system? How

do you think the COP of the new system will compare to the

COP of the old system?