Five mutually-exclusive projects consisting of reinforcing dams, levees, and embankments are available for funding by a certain public agency. The following tabulation shows the equivalent annual benefits and costs for each: Project Annual Benefits Annual Costs A $1,800,000 $2,000,000 B $5,600,000 $4.200,000 C $8,400,000 $6,800,000 D $2,600,000 $2,800,000 E $6,600,000 $5,400,000 Assume that the projects are of the type for which the benefits can be determined with considerable certainty and that the agency is willing to invest money in any project as long as the B-C ratio is at least one. Determine the annual worth (AW) of the best project that the public agency will select. The agency’s MARR is 10 % per year and the project lifetimes are each 15 years.

A 15/16 in. wide key has depth of 5/8 in. It is 12 inches long and is to be used on a 200 hp, 1160 rpm, squirrel-cage induction motor. The shaft diameter of 3 7/8 inches. The maximum running torque is 200% of the full-load torque. Compute the maximum torque (ans: 21,733 in-lb) Please show solution.

Air is compressed from an inlet condition of 100 kPa, 300 K to an exit pressure of 1000 kPa by an internally reversible compressor. Determine the compressor power per unit mass flow rate if the device is
(a) isentropic,
(b) polytropic with n =1.3,
(c) isothermal.

A person without a lower limb or limbs may face huge cost to get prosthetic legs. A metal prosthesis can cost up to RM10,000 depending on the specifications and requirement of the patient. Cane furniture was made by bending the stem in such beautiful shapes that could also hold human weight. The usage of sustainable materials such as cane may help the sustainability of life of a person without a limb by ensuring it is affordable and available to people of all levels as well as helped the sustainability of the environment. However, one question - can you make a leg out of a cane? Discuss.

(20) A 15kW electric motor, which is running at 43 rev/s, is used to drive a crusher which operates 24 hours per day. An engineer has specified 212 mm and 315 mm pitch diameters for small pulley and large pulley respectively; and C 3454 V-belt type.

a) Calculate allowable power, design power and required number of belts. (Take design factor nd as 1.)

In a gas turbine generating station the overall compression ratio is 12/1, performed in three stages with pressure ratios of 2.5/1, 2.4/1, and 2/1 respectively. The air inlet temperature to the plant is 25 ℃ and intercooling between the stages reduces the temperature to 40 ℃. The HP turbine drives the HP and intermediate-pressure compressor stages; the LP turbine drives the LP compressor and the generator. The gases leaving the LP turbine passed through the heat exchanger which heats the air leaving the HP compressor. The temperature at inlet to the HP turbine is 650 ℃, and reheating between the turbine stages raises the temperature to 650 ℃. The gases leaves the heat exchanger at a temperature of 200 ℃. The isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage in 0.83, and isentropic efficiencies of HP and LP turbines are 0.85 and 0.88 respectively. Take the mechanical efficiency of each shaft as 0.98. The air mass flow is 140 kg/s. Neglecting the pressure losses and changes in kinetic energy, and taking the specific heat of water as 4.19 kJ/kg.K, and take Cp and γ for air to be 1.005 kJ/kg.K and 1.4 respectively. calculate. (a) The power output in kilowatts; [2 marks] (b) The cycle efficiency; [2 marks] (c) The flow of cooling water required for the intercoolers when the rise in water temperature must not exceeded 40 K; [2 marks] (d) The thermal ratio of heat exchanger [2 marks] (e) Draw the T-s diagram [2 marks]

A 20kW electric motor, which is running at 43 rev/s, is used to drive a crusher that operates 24 hours per day. An engineer has specified 212 mm and 315 mm pitch diameters for the small pulley and large pulley respectively; and C 3454 V-belt type.

a) What should be the conservative service factor for this belt and pulley system?

b) Calculate the center distance between the pulleys?

c) Calculate allowable power, design power, and required number of belts. (Take design factor nd as 1.)

d) Calculate centrifugal tension, forces at tension side and loose side, initial tension, and factor of safety. (Take friction coefficient including wedge effect as 0.5123.)

Suppose the Gulfstream G550 is cruising at an altitude and of 41,000 feet. and 559 miles per hour, respectively. If the plane currently weighs 74,950 pounds, how much thrust is required to maintain these flight conditions? The wingspan is 91.5 feet and the wing platform area is 1,137 square feet. The Oswald efficiency factor is 0.9 and the zero-lift drag coefficient is 0.0165.

List, draw and explain the strengthening mechanisms for metals. Why we are using this techniques?

An ideal gas-turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The overall pressure ratio is 9. The air enters each stage of the compressor at 300 K and each stage of the turbine at 1200 K. assuming an efficiency of 86 percent for each compressor stage and an efficiency of 90 percent for each turbine stage. Draw the T-S diagram and determine the back work ratio and the thermal efficiency of the cycle, assuming (a) no regenerator is used and (b) a regenerator with 85 percent effectiveness is used.

A Dual cycle engine is analyzed using the air standard method. Given the conditions at state 1, compression ratio (r), pressure ratio (rp), and cutoff ratio (rc) determine the efficiency and other values listed below.

Note: The gas constant for air is R=0.287 kJ/kg-K.

Given Values

T1 (K) = 334

P1 (kPa) = 115

r = 11.5

rp = 1.34

rc = 1.14

a) Determine the specific internal energy (kJ/kg) at state 1.

b) Determine the relative specific volume at state 1.

c) Determine the relative specific volume at state 2.

d) Determine the temperature (K) at state 2.

e) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 2.

f) Determine the specific internal energy (kJ/kg) at state 2.

g) Determine the temperature (K) at state 3.

h) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 3.

i) Determine the specific internal energy (kJ/kg) at state 3.

j) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 3.

k) Determine the temperature (K) at state 4.

l) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 4.

m) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 4.

n) Determine the relative specific volume at state 4.

o) Determine the relative specific volume at state 5.

p) Determine the temperature (K) at state 5.

q) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 5.

r) Determine the specific internal energy (kJ/kg) at state 5.

s) Determine the net-work per cycle (kJ/kg) of the engine.

t) Determine the heat addition per cycle (kJ/kg) of the engine.

u) Determine the efficiency (%) of the engine.

Two electric bulbs of 100 ohms are used for 8 hours daily. What is the cost of them for 1 day if the rate is 75 paise per unit?

1. Explain the working principle of the rotary vane and ram type steering gear systems. Write down all tests and controls are to be done related to steering gear. Explain why emergency steering operation drills are carried out on board and write down the emergency steering procedures. Write down the possible reasons, results and solutions of the following problems :

• Oil leakages,
• Difference in the actual rudder angle and ordered helm angle,
• Excessive noise from steering gear,
• High oil temperature,

No steering from remote control

I NEED GOOD ANSWER AND WRİTE WORD

1. You are to do a preliminary design study for a small demonstration steam turbine power plant.
- Steam will be provided by a small steam generator fired by natural gas.   - Your system will take in steam at 30 bar and 400 oC.
- The steam passes through a two stage turbine. At a pressure of 10 bars, the steam leaves the first stage of the turbine and will pass through a reheat loop in the steam generator which will boost the temperature back up to 400 oC at this pressure. The steam will then enter the second stage of the turbine.
- When the steam leaves the turbine, the quality should be at least 95% at the turbine exit / condenser inlet.
- The design condenser pressure is 0.70 bar.   
- Heat is removed from the condenser and rejected to the environment through a cooling tower.
a) Assuming isentropic expansion, what are the temperature, enthalpy, and entropy of the steam when it leaves the first stage of the turbine? (5 pts)

b) What are the enthalpy and the entropy of the steam as it leaves the reheater and enters the second stage of the turbine? How much heat (kJ/kg) goes into the steam in the reheat process? (10 pts)

c) Based on an isentropic expansion, what will the quality be at the exit? Will it meet this design limit? (10 pts)
For the following parts use the design turbine power output of 2.5 kW.
d) What mass flow rate is required? (10 pts)

e) At what rate must heat be produced by natural gas burners in the steam generator to produce the steam at the turbine inlet, and how much heat must be produced to reheat the steam between the stages? For a heating rate range of 950-1150 BTU/scf and a cost of $8 per 100 cubic feet, what is the fuel cost per hour to run this unit? (10 pts)

f) What is the feed water pump power demand, and what is the BWR? (10 pts)


2. A refrigeration machine has been designed based on R134a. The design capacity is 15 tons.   The evaporator coil design temperature is 8 oC. The refrigerant enters the compressor as a slightly superheated vapor at 15 oC. The condenser coil design pressure is 14 bar. Refrigerant enters the expansion valve as a compressed (subcooled) liquid at 44 C. Note that the temperature of the air passing over the tubing in the evaporator coil will be higher than 8 oC and the temperature of the air passing over the condenser coil will be lower than the coil temperature. Use 80% for the compressor isentropic efficiency.
a. Calculate the power required to run the compressor under these design conditions and the required mass flow rate of R134a. (30 pts)

b. Find the rate of heat transfer for the condenser (high pressure side) of the system. (15 pts)

c. Find the quality of the refrigerant as it enters the evaporator. (10 pts)



3. A small gas turbine engine is used to produce power for auxiliary systems. This is a simple gas turbine open to the atmosphere. Air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 300 K. The compressor pressure ratio is 3.5:1. After passing through the combustion chamber, the air enters the turbine at a temperature of 1300 K. Determine the mass flow rate of air needed for the turbine to produce 60 kW of power. Also determine the heat that must be generated in the combustors. (30 pts) Solar collector …

Explain one application of portable CMM(Coordinate Measuring Machine) in the automobile field with
details.